The Awakening: Casting Shadows :: essays research papers

The change Casting ShadowsHappiness is it essential or is it a mere unimportant simplistic virtue inlifes plans? Does everyone have the the right way to felicitousness? It is stated in theConstitution that we as Americans have the right to life, liberty, and thePURSUIT OF HAPPINESS. In the novel The Awakening by Kate Chopin the mainCharacter Edna has the consummate life. The sweet loving husband, the cutechildren, enormous amounts of money and an extremely large house. Yet with allof this Edna is part happy, but is non fulfilled. Since having a bucket alongmarriage to spite her parents Edna never took measure to examine her life to seewhat she wanted out of it. Edna late in the marriage wanted the freedom toseek her mind, find her self and find what this person liked. In thefollowing I will defend the actions Edna took to find her happiness asirrational as they may seem.This base took place in the late 1800s when womens liberation was never heardof. In this era women were su pposed to find happiness in serving their husbandsand taking solicitude of the children. There were no other options within therestrictive boundaries of marriage, and divorce was never an alternative.Womens lives were austere and self enrichment or self gratification were oftentimes phase aside relative to the more(prenominal) mundane tasks of daily life. Most womenaccepted this but Edna did not. She figured that life was more than constantlydoing for someone else. She wanted time for herself in order to figure out whoshe was. Some may see this as selfish but everyone is authorise to me time andspace. Although I admit she did not go about it in the best way at times Ednastill was in going in the right direction.Ednas marriage to Leonce Pontellier was to spite her pose the Colonel becauseLeonce was of a different religious faith. Also, Leonce was unceasingly devotedto Edna which was something that had never occurred in any other relationship.Edna, who had not go through many ma le relationships before this was aboveboard whenit came to men. This naivet affected her in such a way that she neither knewlove and its limitations nor the experience it took to make it through arelationship. This showed Ednas immaturity which was a big answer in this story.This shown as the woman inside who had been asleep all those years. Herrelationship with Leonce was what she sought to find happiness in. by and by six years of marriage to Leonce, Edna mat up an ever-growing void in herThe Awakening Casting Shadows essays research papers The Awakening Casting ShadowsHappiness is it essential or is it a mere unimportant simplistic virtue inlifes plans? Does everyone have the right to happiness? It is stated in theConstitution that we as Americans have the right to life, liberty, and thePURSUIT OF HAPPINESS. In the novel The Awakening by Kate Chopin the mainCharacter Edna has the perfect life. The sweet loving husband, the cutechildren, enormous amounts of money and an extr emely large house. Yet with allof this Edna is partially happy, but is not fulfilled. Since having a rushedmarriage to spite her parents Edna never took time to examine her life to seewhat she wanted out of it. Edna late in the marriage wanted the freedom toexplore her mind, find herself and find what this person liked. In thefollowing I will defend the actions Edna took to find her happiness asirrational as they may seem.This story took place in the late 1800s when womens liberation was never heardof. In this era women were supposed to find happiness in serving their husbandsand taking care of the children. There were no other options within therestrictive boundaries of marriage, and divorce was never an alternative.Womens lives were austere and self enrichment or self gratification were oftentimes cast aside relative to the more mundane tasks of daily life. Most womenaccepted this but Edna did not. She figured that life was more than constantlydoing for someone else. She wanted ti me for herself in order to figure out whoshe was. Some may see this as selfish but everyone is entitled to me time andspace. Although I admit she did not go about it in the best way at times Ednastill was in going in the right direction.Ednas marriage to Leonce Pontellier was to spite her father the Colonel becauseLeonce was of a different religious faith. Also, Leonce was unceasingly devotedto Edna which was something that had never occurred in any other relationship.Edna, who had not experienced many male relationships before this was naive whenit came to men. This naivet affected her in such a way that she neither knewlove and its limitations nor the experience it took to make it through arelationship. This showed Ednas immaturity which was a big issue in this story.This shown as the woman inside who had been asleep all those years. Herrelationship with Leonce was what she sought to find happiness in.After six years of marriage to Leonce, Edna felt an ever-growing void in her

My Personal Philosophy of Education :: Philosophy of Education

Personal Philosophy of Education I would not be considered your typical college student in search of an culture degree. I am a 31 year old male, married, with two children, and on the job(p) on my second career. My previous life consisted of working in the coal mines till I was injured. My injury, however, is considered a blessing in disguise. My injury has leaded me to the world of education. I have seen first hand the release an educator can make in the life of a child the child was my own son. My eldest son, diagnosed with Aspergers Syndrome, was unable to communicate. He had the opportunity to be enrolled in the early intervention program in Raleigh County. The first individual with the challenge of assisting my child was not able to fulfill her roles and think away(p) of the box to reach him. My wife and I promptly searched for the appropriate educator for him. My family was blessed when we found Ms. Mitzi. In the matter of weeks our son was able to tell his mamma he loved her. This impacted my life significantly and I wish to be able to pass on what was given to my child and my family.I chose education as my career path because I hope to be able to make a small difference in a childs life. Time and time again I have seen children being educated poorly and/or not having appropriate role models in their life. I tactual sensation that an educator must not only be able to convey to the student the classroom material, but also be a counselor, coach, mentor, and a parent. weakness to fulfill these roles gives a child the chance to slip through the educational system without having the opportunity to influence them to some degree. I can not specify down my educational philosophy to one area. I have studied the teacher-centered philosophies and I would consider myself somewhat eclectic, having a mixture of progressivism and essentialism. Essentialism is Essentialism refers to the traditional or patronage to the Basics approach to education.

The doom of apple :: essays research papers

The Ethics of WarUnrestricted submarine warf ar is practically considered a shady practice in a time of war. Unrestricted submarine war is when one country sets up an area that is declared a war-zone, any institutionalizes that enter this zone, military or civilian, will be fired upon without warning. Is this right? In my essay, I will weigh the pros and cons of this tactic used by the Germans in WWI.The practice of unrestricted warfare cost the lives of many innocent tidy sum. No warning is given so there is no chance to surrender or abandon ship And foremost, unrestricted submarine warfare violates the so-called rules of war. In the case of the Lucitania, it was believed to be carrying supplies (this was true) and the ship could have subsequently become a threat to Germany if converted into a war or transport ship. But, at the time, the ship or its 2000 passengers were not a threat to U-20, til now the Lucitiana was sunk without warning and with massive losses.Unrestricted s ubmarine warfare is a very shady, but effective tactic, nonetheless. When implemented, little to no supplies reach your enemies, this gives a tactical strangle hold on a war. why is no warring given on civilian ships? To a U-boat stealth and surprise are its only defenses. Once a U-boat reveals itself, it is open to ramming and attack thus endangering the crew. In most cases, keeping your troops safe comes above keeping the enemies safe. Why would someone get to attack a civilian ship anyway? Because they may be carrying supplies. To say unrestricted submarine warfare violates the rules of war thence why is the opposition violating the rules by putting troops and supplies on a civilian ship making it a target of submarines? Using the lives of innocent people as a shield to protect supplies is just as bad as firing on an unarmed ship without warning.Is unrestricted submarine warfare right? In my opinion a submarine must give civilian ships a chance to abandon ship. A submarine does not need to expose itself to send a warning, send a radio ultimatum, and then a warning shot. How much of a treat could a passenger ship pose anyway?

Declining Air Quality :: Environment Environmental

Declining Air QualitySection AThe declining air quality preempt be held responsible for many things such as city smog and the greenhouse effect. Such problems be very definite in America since they are one of the top airpollutantcreating countries in the world. The original list of air pollutants created by US industries was made up of arsenic, asbestos, benzene, beryllium, coke oven emissions, mercury, radionuclides (radioactive isotopes), and vinyl chloride. In the 1990s this list was expanded to include 189 substances, and by the end of the 1990s regulations were put in place for the major sources, which require the emission of no more than go tons of any of these substances and no more than twenty five tons of any combination of them per year. Air pollution that worsens the global air quality is for the most part generated by the wealthier, more populated nations. America has a population of 275,372,000, making it one of the most populated countries it is also the most powerf ul nation in the world. As a result almost every household in the United States own a car or two. Cars are major contributors to the ozone flock and when almost every household in one of the most populated countries in the world own one, the level of air pollution emitted would be paramount. As a result, many of the major cites in the US such as New York, Miami and Los Angeles have very bad smog that reduce visibility and augment health risks. In Los Angeles, for example, the smog causes eye and chest irritations for residents and exacerbates asthma. Attempts have been made to clear the smog, but no reasonable success has been achieved. There have been measures interpreted to stop the problem from getting noticeably worse, but it is not a long term option.The smog in LA is caused fundament totallyy by the Californian sun. The heat of the sun creates a layer of warm air that acts as a seal, trapping the cold air in the basin of the Los Angeles harbour. This effect traps all of the industrial pollution and the car exhaust above the city. The millions that live there are all exposed daily to harmful levels of carbon monoxide. It is not moreover known what the long term effects of this will be. Due to this hazard to human health the Los Angeles authorities have been urged to cut down on pollution, which performer burning fossil fuels more completely and restricting the industries, all at the cost of millions of dollars.

How Sainsburys Has Used Performance Management to Increase their Qualit

How Sainsburys Has Used effect Management to Increase their Quality of ServiceThis report pull up stakes show how Sainsburys defecate utilize functioning care to improver their ability to provide a quality service and gain a agonistical advantage, it will also show how systems have been implemented to achieve this and what Sainsburys have changed in recent days to achieve the competitive advantage it was spirit for, The main area Sainsburys have changed is there Supply chain which had a comprise gap of around 60 one thousand million. It will also look at how the trading operations functions carried out by Sainsburys can be linked in with new(prenominal) areas of the business like Finance, benignant Resource Management and Marketing. The main contents of this report will be based on the theory about performance solicitude it will low gear with a section explaining what the theory is and how it is generally applied in business. It will also contain my induce experien ces and insight into how operations have had an effect from my own viewpoint. It will have a conclusion on how I believe my experiences of operations management has helped me and or hindered Sainsburys. There will also be a report conclusion showing how I think Sainsburys operations strategies have evolved over cartridge holder.TheoryThis section will be looking at the theory which will be applied to Sainsburys and how it can be applied in this way. The main theories I will be looking at will be Capacity management, Open Systems, Quality Management, Performance Management and how Socio-technical Systems can be implemented into Sainsburys business.Capacity ManagementThe meaning of cleverness itself is being the ability to gain work in a given time, must be measured in the unit of work. There are deuce-ace main types of Capacity management when looked at through operations. These arePotential CapacityThe capacity that can be made available to function the grooming of senior mana gement (e.g. in helping them to make decisions about overall business growth, investment etc). This is essentially a long-term decision that does non influence day-to-day production managementImmediate CapacityThe amount of production capacity that can be made available in the short-term. This is the maximum capableness capacity - assuming that it is used productively Effective CapacityAn important concept. Not all produc... ...y chain transformation, the biggest project of its kind in Europe and nonpareil of the largest in the world, was let off out. A newspaper commentary summarized the concernsThe UKs number both is meeting turnaround targets set by Sir Peter Davis, CEO, two years ago. But the complexness of Sainsburys regimen means its healthy overall financial appearance could disguise selective bingeing. Growth has still lagged prat that of market leader Tesco, and Tesco has a lower investment as a percentage of gross revenue. Sainsbury is recovering from a disastrous p atch in the late 1990s. It is on target to achieve the 700 million of approach savings promised by 2004, and margins seem to be creeping slowly towards its targeted 5.5%. But it can hide behind its cost savings while it buys time to demonstrate that improvements in the brand and supply chain will have a sustainable impact on its competitive position. They might. But investors need stronger sales momentum to give them comfort, especially as the market becomes more difficult and competitors such as ASDA continue to outperform. Until Sainsburys shows it is make up muscle - not just shedding fat - fitter rival Tesco deserves its 15% premium. How Sainsburys Has Used Performance Management to Increase their QualitHow Sainsburys Has Used Performance Management to Increase their Quality of ServiceThis report will show how Sainsburys have used performance management to increase their ability to provide a quality service and gain a competitive advantage, it will also show how systems have been implemented to achieve this and what Sainsburys have changed in recent years to achieve the competitive advantage it was looking for, The main area Sainsburys have changed is there Supply chain which had a cost gap of around 60 million. It will also look at how the operations functions carried out by Sainsburys can be linked in with other areas of the business like Finance, Human Resource Management and Marketing. The main contents of this report will be based on the theory about performance management it will start with a section explaining what the theory is and how it is generally applied in business. It will also contain my own experiences and insight into how operations have had an effect from my own viewpoint. It will have a conclusion on how I believe my experiences of operations management has helped me and or hindered Sainsburys. There will also be a report conclusion showing how I think Sainsburys operations strategies have evolved over time.TheoryThis s ection will be looking at the theory which will be applied to Sainsburys and how it can be applied in this way. The main theories I will be looking at will be Capacity management, Open Systems, Quality Management, Performance Management and how Socio-technical Systems can be implemented into Sainsburys business.Capacity ManagementThe meaning of capacity itself is being the ability to produce work in a given time, must be measured in the unit of work. There are three main types of Capacity management when looked at through operations. These arePotential CapacityThe capacity that can be made available to influence the planning of senior management (e.g. in helping them to make decisions about overall business growth, investment etc). This is essentially a long-term decision that does not influence day-to-day production managementImmediate CapacityThe amount of production capacity that can be made available in the short-term. This is the maximum potential capacity - assuming that it is used productively Effective CapacityAn important concept. Not all produc... ...y chain transformation, the biggest project of its kind in Europe and one of the largest in the world, was still out. A newspaper commentary summarized the concernsThe UKs number two is meeting turnaround targets set by Sir Peter Davis, CEO, two years ago. But the complexity of Sainsburys regimen means its healthy overall financial appearance could disguise selective bingeing. Growth has still lagged behind that of market leader Tesco, and Tesco has a lower investment as a percentage of sales. Sainsbury is recovering from a disastrous patch in the late 1990s. It is on target to achieve the 700 million of cost savings promised by 2004, and margins seem to be creeping slowly towards its targeted 5.5%. But it can hide behind its cost savings while it buys time to demonstrate that improvements in the brand and supply chain will have a sustainable impact on its competitive position. They might. But investors need stronger sales momentum to give them comfort, especially as the market becomes more difficult and competitors such as ASDA continue to outperform. Until Sainsburys shows it is building up muscle - not just shedding fat - fitter rival Tesco deserves its 15% premium.

A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams :: A Streetcar Named Desire Essays

Set in the French Quarter of New siege of Orleans during the restless years following World War Two, A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE is the story of Blanche DuBois, a fragile and neurotic woman on a desperate prowl for someplace in the world to call her own. After being exiled from her hometown of Laurel, Mississippi for seducing a seventeen-year-old boy at the school where she taught English, Blanche explains her unexpected fashion on Stanley and Stellas (Blanches sister) doorstep as nervous exhaustion. This, she claims, is the result of a series of financial calamities which have recently claimed the family plantation, Belle Reve. Suspicious, Stanley points out that under Louisianas Napoleonic code what belongs to the married woman belongs to the husband. Stanley, a sinewy and brutish man, is as territorial as a panther. He tells Blanche he doesnt like to be swindled and demands to see the bill of sale. This encounter defines Stanley and Blanches relationship. They argon opposing camps a nd Stella is caught in no-mans-land. But Stanley and Stella are deeply in love. Blanches efforts to impose herself between them only enrages the animal inside Stanley. When Mitch -- a card-playing buddy of Stanleys -- arrives on the scene, Blanche poses to see a way out of her predicament. Mitch, himself alone in the world, reveres Blanche as a beautiful and refined woman. Yet, as rumors of Blanches past in Laurel begin to catch up to her, her circumstances become unbearable. Characters Blanche Dubois Blanche Dubois is the older sister of Stella Kowalski who visits them in New Orleans and stays throughout the summer. She was a schoolteacher of English in Mississippi and presents herself as very prim, proper, and prudent. Her name is French and she says, It Dubois means woods and Blanche means white, so the two together mean white woods. Like an grove in spring (Act III, pg. 177). She was married to a young man named Allan, who move suicide when she was very young. She drinks and smokes and tells lies. She suffers from continual delusions of hearing polka tunes and gunshots. Stella loves her dearly, but Stanley is in commit opposition to her false appearance and selfish attitude. Blanche cannot be around direct light and is overly concerned with her appearance, accessories, bathing, and age. She has a brief romance with Mitch and is later committed to a mental institution. Stanley Kowalski Stanley is Stellas strong and good-looking husband.

A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams :: A Streetcar Named Desire Essays

Set in the French Quarter of New Orleans during the restless years following World war Two, A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE is the story of Blanche DuBois, a fragile and neurotic woman on a desperate prowl for someplace in the man to call her own. After being exiled from her hometown of Laurel, Mississippi for seducing a seventeen-year-old boy at the school where she taught English, Blanche explains her unexpected appearance on Stanley and Stellas (Blanches sister) doorstep as nervous exhaustion. This, she claims, is the go forth of a series of financial calamities which have recently claimed the family plantation, Belle Reve. Suspicious, Stanley points out that under Louisianas Napoleonic code what belongs to the wife belongs to the husband. Stanley, a sinewy and brutish man, is as territorial as a panther. He tells Blanche he doesnt like to be swindled and demands to see the bill of sale. This encounter defines Stanley and Blanches relationship. They are opposing camps and Stella is c aught in no-mans-land. But Stanley and Stella are deeply in love. Blanches efforts to impose herself between them only enrages the animal inside Stanley. When Mitch -- a card-playing buddy of Stanleys -- arrives on the scene, Blanche begins to see a way out of her predicament. Mitch, himself altogether in the world, reveres Blanche as a beautiful and refined woman. Yet, as rumors of Blanches past in Laurel begin to catch up to her, her circumstances become unbearable. Characters Blanche Dubois Blanche Dubois is the ripened sister of Stella Kowalski who visits them in New Orleans and stays throughout the summer. She was a schoolteacher of English in Mississippi and presents herself as very prim, proper, and prudent. Her name is French and she says, It Dubois means woods and Blanche means white, so the two together mean white woods. Like an orchard in spring (Act III, pg. 177). She was married to a issue man named Allan, who committed suicide when she was very young. She drinks and smokes and tells lies. She suffers from continual delusions of hearing polka tunes and gunshots. Stella loves her dearly, but Stanley is in direct opposition to her false appearance and selfish attitude. Blanche cannot be around direct light and is overly concerned with her appearance, accessories, bathing, and age. She has a brief romance with Mitch and is later committed to a mental institution. Stanley Kowalski Stanley is Stellas strong and good-looking husband.

Material Science Essay

AbstractIn this assignment I will be defining the 3 subjective properties of all material and describing those. I would also be describing how silicon-based semiconductors revolutionized computing. I will also define what microchips atomic number 18 and how they relate to integrate circuits. Since the pressing questions about the increasing ability of data processors to quickly change large amounts of information is whether a computer can be built that is considered alive or conscious. I will also be defining soppy intelligence and telling the difference between the human brain and the central processing unit of a computer.Material ScienceThere are ternary essential properties of every material that scientists use as a foundation for most every study. First it is the kind of atoms that is made up from the material. There are the neutral elements and the compound elements. The neutral elements would have the identical amount of protons and electrons this would essentially termi nate one another, which would leave the protons and electrons neutral. The compound element is when there is a junto of more than one element. The atoms are second in the way that they are arranged.A great way to explain this is by relating atoms of liquid and atoms of solids. For example the atoms of liquids jaunt around allowing the atoms of solids which are packed together. The way that atoms are attached together is number three. These are the key properties when understanding the study of materials. The strong point of the material, this is the talent to endure forces being useful to it without breaking, this is first. The materials elasticity is second, which is the capability to flex while returning to its original form. Number three is the materials plasticity this is the ability to change its bring into being forever.Thanks to the starter of semiconductors, computers have developed over a billion times faster than one of the first built in 1946 (ENIAC). Describe how sil icon-based semiconductors revolutionized computing. Since silicone polymer semiconductors are capable to move easily through the solid component it is more proficient than copper based conductors. Silicone based conductors makes holes which produces and fills a space constantly. This means electrons jump from one atom to another. This will also change the silicon through a process called doping by adding any phosphorus or aluminum the desired effect is achieved. When adding phosphorus to silicon it develops n-type which is negative-semiconductor. When adding aluminum to silicone it develops p-type semiconductors.These are some(prenominal) essential parts functions efficient galvanic devices microchips, which are used in computers. Microchips are positive and negative type semiconductors. Microchips do a detailed function. A microchip is individual diodes and transistors will tamper a big part of the essential function in modern electronics, although these strategies have been m ainly replaced by much more complex arrays of P- and N- kind semiconductors, cognise as microchips. Microchips may join hundreds or thousands of transistors in one integrate circuit, particularly intended to do a specific role. They are related to integrated circuits this is why. Combined circuits (microchips) are the main component in devices such as microwave calculators, and other devices. An integrated circuit microprocessor lies on modern technology.Modern technology is occupied with electrical integrated circuits. Such as, Televisions, MP3 players and computers all contain integrated circuit which allows them to perform specific functions. Also known as microchips or microprocessors, these circuits pass track of all the information being transferred within the device, in essence giving it life. Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce are both who take credit with inventing the integrated circuit, both coming up with the idea within a year of each other while working for separate compa nies. Artificial Intelligence is a section of science which deals with helping machines and finds explanations to complex problems in a more human like manner. This normally contains borrowing features from human intelligence, and applying them as procedures in a computer friendly way.A more or less well-organized approach can be taken depending on the necessities recognized, which impacts how artificial the intelligent performance seems. (http//ai-depot.com/Intro.html) The 2 essential differences between human brains and the central processing unit of a computer is the brain-computer metaphor has served intellectual psychology well, research in intellectual neuroscience has revealed many epoch-making changes between brains and computers. Escalating these differences may be crucial to understanding the mechanisms of neural information processing, and eventually for the creation of artificial intelligence. (http//scienceblogs.com/developingintelligence/2007/03/27/why-the-brain-is-n ot-like-a-co/) One difference is that brains are linear and computers are digital.For instance one of the primary devices of information communication appears to be the amount at which neurons squeeze out a fundamentally unbroken variable. Likewise, networks of neurons can fire in relative synchrony or in relative confusion the coherence affects the strength of the signals received by downstream neurons. Lastly, inside each and every neuron is a leaky integrator circuit, composed of a diversity of ion channels and endlessly changing membrane potentials. (http//scienceblogs.com/developingintelligence/2007/03/27/why-the-brain-is-not-like-a-co/) Another difference is short-run memory is not like compact.While the superficial similarities between RAM and short-term memory encouraged many early intellectual psychologists, a next examination reveals strikingly important differences. Although RAM and short-term memory both seem to required power, short-term seems to hold only to long- term memory however. RAM holds data that is Isomorphic which is having similar appearance but different ancestry. Not like RAM, the capacity limit of short-term memory is not fixed, the capacity of short-term memory seems to vary with differences in processing speed as well as with expertise and understanding. (http//scienceblogs.com/developingintelligence/2007/03/27/why-the-brain-is-not-like-a-co/)

Nature of Financial Management

Chapter 3 NATURE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT What is finance finance can be defined as he art and intelligence of managing change. Virtu each(prenominal)y all individuals and organizations earn or raise money and spend or invest money. pay is pertain with the process, institutions, merchandises and instruments intricate in the transfer of money among individuals, line of merchandise and governments. Nature of Financial way Financial Management as an academic discipline has chthoniangone storeamental changes as regard its scope and coverage.In the earlier years, it was hardened synonymously with the raising of funds. In the later years, its broader scope, included in addition to procurement of funds, efficient use of resources. Scope of Financial Management Financial is generally concerned with the acquisition and use of funds by a business substantial. The turn outstanding tasks of fiscal management, as related to the above, may be categorized as follows A. Financial A nalysis, Planning and Control Analysis of fiscal condition and preference Profit Planning Financial forecasting Financial Control B.Investing Management of authoritative assets (cash, marketable securities, receivables and inventories) Capital Budgeting (identification, selection and implementation of capital projects) Managing of mergers, reorganizations and divestments C. Financing Identification of sources of finance and determination of financing mix Cultivating sources of funds and raising funds assignation of pull ins between dividends and retained earnings historic Topics in Financial Management disconcert 1. 1 Balance Sheet and Topics in Financial Management Shargon CapitalEquityCapital Structure and Cost of Capital Preference Reserves and Surplus Debentures Unsecured Loan Current Liabilities & renderWorking Capital Trade CreditorsFinancing Policy Provisions quick-frozen Assets (Net)Capital Budgeting Gross Block Less Depreciation enthronizationSecurity Anal ysis Current Assets, Loans and Advances cash and bank balancesCash Management ReceivablesReceivables Management InventoriesInventory Policy Loans and Advances Miscellaneous Expenditure and Losses duck 1. 2 Income statement and Topics in Financial Management Net SalesRevenue risk Cost of goods SoldMaterials and stocks Wages and Salaries Other Manufacturing Expenses Gross ProfitGross profit margin Operating Expenses exchange and Administration Expenses DepreciationDepreciation Policy Operating Profit Non operating surplus / deficit Earnings before interest and valueBusiness risk InterestFinancial risk Profit before tax TaxTax planning Profit after taxReturn on im referenceiality DividendsDividend policy Retained Earnings Goals / Objectives of Financial Management- Traditional Approach It has been traditionally been argued that the documental of a caller-out is to earn profit.This means that the finance passenger car has to make decision in a manner that the profit is maximised . Each alternative, therefore, is to be seen as to whether or non it gives maximum profit. Profit maximization objective gives rise to a descend of problems as on a lower floor i) Profit maximization concept should be considered in coincidence to risks involved. There is a direct relationship between risk and profit. more risky propositions yield high profit. Higher the risk, higher is the possibility of profits. If profit maximization is the and goal, then risk factor is altogether ignored. i) Profit maximization, as an objective does not take into account time pattern of return. Proposal A may give a higher amount of profits comp argond to proposal B, yet if the returns begin to flow say 10 years later, proposal B may be preferred which may establish lower overall profits but the returns flow is more early and quick. iii) Profit maximization, as an objective is too narrow. It fails to take into account the social considerations as also the obligations to dissimilar intere sts of workers, consumers, society as well as ethical trade practices.Further, roughly business leaders believe that adoption of ethical standards strengthen their competitive positions. iv) Profits do not necessarily result in cash flows available to the stockholder. Owners feel cash flow in the track of either cash dividends paid to them or proceeds from selling their shares for a higher price than paid initially. forward-looking Approach The alternative to profit maximization is wealth maximization. This is also known as care for maximization or Net Present Worth maximization. Value is represented by the market price of the familys equity shares.Prices in the share market at a given point of time, are the result of many factors like general economic outlook, particular outlook if the companies below(a) consideration, technical factors and even mass psychology. However taken on a long-term basis, the share market prices of a conjunctions shares do reflect the value, whi ch the various parties put on a company. Normally, the value is a cultivate of two factors (i) The likely rate of earnings per share of a company (EPS) and (ii) The capitalization rateEPS are calculated by dividing the periods total earnings available for the firms common shares by the number of shares of common shares outstanding. The likely rate of earnings per share (EPS) depends on the assessment as to how profitably a company is going to operate in the future. The capitalization rate reflects the liking of the investors for a company. If the company earns a higher rate of earning per share through risky trading operations or risky financing pattern, the investors will not look upon its shares with favour. To that period, the market value of the shares of such a company will be low.If a company invests its fund in risky ventures, the investors will put in their money if they get higher return as compared to that from a low risk share. The market value of a firm is a usage o f the earning per share and the capitalisation rate. Suppose the Earning per share are expected to be Rs. 7 for a share, and the capitalisation rate expected by the shareowner is 20 per cent, the market value of the share is likely to be 7 7 x 100 = - = Rs. 5 20% 20 This is so because at this price, the investors have an earning of 20%, something they expect from a company with this degree of risk. The meaning(a) issues relating to maximizing share prices are sparing Value Added (EVA) and the focus on stakeholders. Economic Value Added (EVA) is a popular measure used by many firms to determine whether an investment proposed or alive contribute positively to the owners wealth. EVA is calculated by subtracting, the approach of funds used to finance or investment from its after-tax-operations profits.Investments with positive EVA amplify shareholder value as those with negative EVA reduce shareholders value. For example, the EVA of an investment with after tax operations pro fits of Rs. 510,000 and associated financing costs of Rs. 475,000 would be Rs. 35,000 (i. e. Rs. 410,000 375,000) Because this EVA is positive, the investment is expected to increase owner wealth and is therefore acceptable. What about Stakeholders? Stakeholders are group such as employees, customers, suppliers, creditors, owners and others who have a direct economic link to the firm.A firm with a stakeholder focus consciously avoids actions that would prove detrimental to stakeholders. The goal is not to maximize stakeholder well being but to preserve it. It is expected to provide long untangle benefit to shareholders by restraining positive stakeholder relationships. Such relationship should minimize stakeholder turnover, conflicts and litigation. Clearly, the firm can better achieve its goal of shareholder wealth maximization by maintaining cooperation with other stakeholders rather than having conflict with them. The Role of ethics Ethics is standards of conduct or moral jud gment.Today the business club in general and the financial community in particular are developing and enforcing ethical standards, purpose being to motivate business and market participants to adhere to both the letter and the spirit of laws and regulations concerned with business and professional practice. An effective ethics program is believed to enhance in collective value. An ethics program can reduce potential litigation and judgment costs, maintain a positive corporate image, and build shareholders confidence, and gain the loyalty, commitment and respect of the firms stakeholders.Such actions, by maintaining and enhancing cash flow and reducing perceived risk, can positively venture the firms share prices. Ethical behaviour is therefore viewed as necessary for achieving the firms goal of owner wealth maximization. Place of finance function in the organization structure The finance function is almost the same in most enterprises. The details may differ but the central f eatures are universal in nature. The finance function occupies such a major place that it cannot be the repair responsibility of the executive.The important aspects of the finance function have to be carried on by the top management i. e. the Managing Director and the age of Directors. It is the Board of Directors, which makes all the material final decisions involving finance. Financial management in many ways is an integral part of the jobs of managers who are involved in planning, allocation of resources and control. The responsibilities for financial management are disposed throughout the organization. For example The engineer, who proposes a new plant, shapes the investment policy of the firm. The marketing analyst provides inputs in the process of forecasting and planning. The purchase manager influences the level of investment in inventories. The sales manager has a say in the determination of receivable policy. Departmental managers, in general, are important links in the financial control system of the firm. The main(prenominal) financial officer (CFO) is canonically to assist the top management. He has an important parting to contribute to good decision making on issues, which involve all the functional sphere of influences of the business. He must clearly bring out financial implications of all decisions and make them under(a)stood.CFO (his designation vary from company to company) works directly under the President or the Managing Director of the company. Besides routine work he keeps the Board of Directors in social classed about all the phases of business activity, including economic, social and political developments touch on the business behaviour. He also furnishes information about the financial status of the company by reviewing from time to time. The CFO may have different officers under him to carry out his functions. Broadly, the functions are divided into two parts. (i) Treasury function (ii) Control functionTreasury function (headed by financial manager) is commonly amenable for handling financial activities, such as financial planning and fund raising, making capital expenditures decisions, managing cash, managing credit activities, managing the pension fund and managing unlike exchange. The control function (headed by head Accountant / Financial Controller) typically handles the accounting activities such as corporate accounting, tax management, financial accounting and cost accounting. The treasurers focus tends to be more external, the controllers focus more internal BOARD OF DIRECTORSManaging Director/President V. P ProductionV. P FinanceV. P Sales Treasurer Controller Credit Cash Banking PortfolioCorporate Taxes Internal Budgeting Management Management Relation ManagementGeneral Audit Accounting & Cost Accounting Fig 1. 1 Organization chart of finance function family of field of finance with economics The field of finance is closely related to economics. Financial managers must understand t he economic framework and be alert to the consequences of change levels of economic activity and changes in economic policy.They must be able to use economic theories as guidance for efficient business operation. Examples include supply-demand analysis, profit-maximising strategies, and price theory. The primary economic principle used in managerial function is marginal analysis, the principle that financial decisions should be made and actions taken only when the added benefits exceed the added costs. Nearly all-financial decisions ultimately come down to an assessment of their marginal benefits and marginal costs. Relationship to Accounting The firms finance (treasurer) and accounting (controller) activities are closely related and generally overlap.Normally managerial finance and accounting are not often easily distinguishable. In small firms the Controller often carries out the finance function and in large firms many accountants are also involved in various finance activities . There are two basic differences between finance and accounting i) Emphasis on cash flows The accountants primary function is to develop and report data for measuring the exploit of the firm, assuming its financial position and paying taxes using certain standardized and generally accepted principles. The accountant prepares financial statements based on accrual basis.The financial manager places primary emphasis on cash flows, the inflow and outflow of cash. ii) Relating to decision-making Accountants devote most of their operation to the collection and presentation of financial data. The primary activities of the financial manager in addition to ongoing involvement in financial analysis and planning are making investment decisions and making financing decisions. Investment decisions determine both the mix and the type of assets held by the firm. Financing decisions determine both the mix and the type of financing used by the firm.However the decisions are in truth made on the basis of cash flow effects on the overall value of the firm. Interface with other Functions Finance is defined as the lifeblood of an organization. It is a common thread, which binds all the organizational functions as each function when carried out creates financial implications. The interface between finance and other functions can be depict as follows Manufacturing Finance i) Manufacturing function necessitates a large investment. Productive use of resources visualizes a cost gain for the firm. i) Optimum investment in inventories improves profit margin. iii) many a(prenominal) parameters of the production cost having effect on production cost are possible to control through internal management thus improving profits. iv) Important production decisions like make or buy can be taken only after financial implications have been considered. Marketing Finance i) Many aspects of marketing management have financial implications e. g. hold inventories to provide off the shelf se rvice to customers and thus increase sales extension of credit instalment to customers to increase sales. i) Marketing strategies to increase sales have additional cost impact, which needs to be weighed carefully against incremental revenue. Personnel Finance In the world-wide competitive scenario business firms are moving to leaner and flat organizations. Investments in Human Resource Development are also bound to increase. Restructuring of remuneration structure, instinctive retirement schemes, sweat equity etc. have become major financial decisions in the area of human resource management. Strategic Planning Finance Finance function is an important tool in the hands of management for strategic planning and control on two counts i) The decision variables when converted into monetary hurt are easier to grasp. ii) Finance function has strong inter-linkages with other functions. Controlling other functions through finance route is possible. Methods and Tools of Financial Manag ement i) In the area of Financing Funds are procured from long-term sources as well as short-term sources. Long-term funds may be made available by owners, i. e. hareholders, lenders through issue of debentures / bonds, from financial institutions, banks and ordinary at large. Short-term funds may be procured from commercial banks, suppliers of goods, public deposits etc. The finance manager has to mold on optimum capital structure with a view to maximize shareholders wealth. Financial leverage or trading on equity is an important method by which return to shareholders can be increased. ii) For evaluating capital expenditure (investment) decisions, a finance manager uses various methods such as run-of-the-mine rate of return, payback, internal rate of return, net present value and profitability index. ii) In the area of working capital management there are various methods for efficient utilization of current resources at the disposal of the firm, thus increasing profitability. The centralized method of cash management is considered a better method of managing legato resources of the firm. iv) In the area of dividend decision, a firm is faced with the problem of declaring dividend or postponing dividend declaration, a problem of internal financing. There are tools to tackle such situation. v) For the military rating of a firms performance there are different methods.For example, ratio analysis is a popular technique to evaluate different aspects of a firm. vi) The main concern of the finance manager is to provide adequate funds from the outflank possible source, at the right time and the minimum cost and to ensure that the funds so sired are put to best possible use through various methods / techniques are used to determine that funds have been procured from the best possible available services and the funds have been used in the best possible way Funds flow and cash flow statements and communicate financial statements help a lot in this regard.The ch anging role of Financial Management in India Modern Financial Management has come a long way from the traditional corporate finance. The finance Manager is working in a challenging environment, which changes continuously. As the economy is opening up and orbicular resources are being tapped, the opportunities available to finance manager have no limits. At the same time one must understand the risk in the decisions. Financial management is passing through an area of experimentation and excitement, as a large part of the finance activities carried out today were not hear a few years ago.A few instances are enumerated below i) Interest rates have been deregulated, further interest rates are fluctuating, and minimum cost of capital necessitates anticipating interest rate movements. ii) Rupee has become freely convertible in current account. iii) Optimum debt equity mix is possible. The firms have to take advantage of the financial leverage to increase the shareholders wealth. Howeve r financial leverage entails financial risk. Hence a correct trade off between risk and meliorate rate of return to shareholders is a challenging task. v) With free pricing of issues, the optimum price of new issue is a challenging task, as overpricing results in under subscription and loss of investor confidence whereas under pricing leads to unwarranted increase in number of shares and also reduction of earnings per share. v) Maintaining share prices is crucial. In the liberalized scenario the capital markets is the important avenue of funds for business. The dividend and bonus policies framed, has a direct bearing on the share prices. i) Ensuring management control is vital especially in the light of foreign participation in equity (which is backed by huge resources) making the firm an easy takeover target. Existing managements may loose control in the eventuality of being unable to take up the share entitlements. Financial strategies to prevent this are vital to the present man agement. Forms of Business Organization The three most common forms of business organization are the sole proprietorship, the league and the company.Other specialized forms of business organizations also exist. Sole proprietorship are the most In terms of total receipts and net profits corporate form of business dominate. Sole Proprietorship A sole proprietorship is a business have by one person who runs for his own profit. Majority of the business firms are sole proprietorships. The typical sole proprietorship is a small business e. g. bakeshop, ad hominem trainer or plumber. The majority of sole proprietorship is found in the wholesale, retail, service and construction industries.Typically, the proprietor along with few employees runs the business. He raises capital from personalized resources or by borrowing and is amenable for all business decisions. The sole proprietor has oceanic liability, towards creditors not restricted to the amount originally invested. The key st rengths and weaknesses of sole proprietorship are given in table 1. 3. fusion A rendership firm is a business run by two or more persons for profit.Partnership accounts for the next majority of business and they are typically larger than sole proprietorship. Finance, legal and real estate firms often have large number of partners. Most partnerships are established by a written contract known as Deed of Partnership. In partnership, all partners have unlimited liability for all the debts of the partnership. In India, partnership is governed by the Partnership Act, 1932. Strengths and weaknesses or partnerships are summarized in Table 1. 3. Company Form A company form of business is a legal entity, separated from the owners, with perpetual succession. Just like an individual, the company can sue and be sued, make and be party to contracts and acquire decorousty in its own name. The company form of organization is the dominant form of business organization in terms of receipts and p rofits. Although, corporations are involved in all types of business, manufacturing corporation account for the largest portion of corporate business receipts and net profits.The key strengths and weaknesses of corporate form are summarized in Table 1. 3. The owners of the company are its shareholders, whose ownership is evidenced by either common shares or preference shares. Shareholders get a return by receiving dividends i. e. periodic dispersal of earnings or gains through increase in share price. Owners liability is limited to the amount paid on their shares. Shareholder elects the Board of Directors through vote.The Board of Directors has the ultimate authority in running the organization including making the general policy. The President or Chief Executive Office (CEO) is responsible for managing day to day operations and carrying out the policies established by the Board. The CEO is required to report periodically to the firms board of directors. The corporate form of busin ess are subject to strict control by Regulatory Agencies including Companies Ac, 1956, SEBI, etc. Table I Strengths and weaknesses of the common forms of business organizations Sole Proprietorship Partnership Company Strengths Owners receive all profits and incurs all losses Can raise more funds than the sole proprietorship Owners liability is limited to the extent paid on their shares Low organizational costs Borrowing powers enhanced by more owners Can achieve large size via sale of shares more than available manpower and managerial skill Income is included and taxed on owners personal tax Ownership (share) is readily transferable return Income included and mixed on individual partners tax return Long life of the firm Independence Can have professional managers Secrecy Has better gateway to financing Ease of dissolution Receives some tax advantage Weaknesses Owners have unlimited liability and may have to cover debts of other partners Taxes generally higher, because corporate income is Owner has unlimited liability towards debt of the firm taxed and dividends paid to owners are also taxed. Partnership is dissolved when partner dies (the latter has been exempted at the hands of the Limited fund raising power limits growth shareholders in India) Difficult to liquidate or transfer partnership Proprietor must be jack-of-all trades More expensive to trick out than other forms of business Difficult to give employees long-run career opportunities Subject to greater control by regulating authorities Lacks continuity when proprietor dies or unable to Lacks secrecy since the shareholders must receive operate financial reports at periodic intervals Limited Liability Partnership A limited liability partnership (LLP) is a partnership in which some or all partners (depending on the jurisdiction) have limited liability.It therefore exhibits elements of partnerships and corporatio ns. In an LLP, one partner is not responsible or liable for another partners misconduct or negligence. This is an important difference from that of an unlimited partnership. In an LLP, some partners have a form of limited liability similar to that of the shareholders of a corporation. In some countries, an LLP must also have at least one general partner with unlimited liability. Unlike corporate shareholders, the partners have the right to manage the business directly. In contrast, corporate shareholders have to elect a board of directors under the laws of various state charters.The board organizes itself (also under the laws of the various state charters) and hires corporate officers who then have as corporate individuals the legal responsibility to manage the corporation in the corporations best interest. An LLP also contains a different level of tax liability from that of a corporation. Limited liability partnerships are distinct from limited partnerships in some countries, which may allow all LLP partners to have limited liability, while a limited partnership may require at least one unlimited partner and allow others to model the role of a passive and limited liability investor. As a result, in these countries, the LLP is more suited for businesses where all investors wish to take an active role in management. There is considerable confusion between LLPs as constituted in the U. S. nd that introduced in the UK in 2001 and adopted elsewhere see below since the UK LLP is, despite the name, specifically legislated as a Corporate body rather than a Partnership. India The Limited Liability Partnership Act 2008 was published in the formal Gazette of India on January 9, 2009 and has been notified with effect from 31 March 2009. However, the Act, has been notified with limited sections only. The rules have been notified in the official gazette on April 1, 2009. The graduation LLP was incorporated in the first week of April 2009. 1. In India, for all purposes o f taxation, an LLP is treated like any other partnership firm. 2. be limited to their agreed contribution in the LLP. 3.Further, no partner would be liable on account of the independent or unauthorized actions of other partners, thus allowing individual partners to be shielded from joint liability created by another partners wrongful business decisions or misconduct. 4. LLP shall be a body corporate and a legal entity separate from its partners. It will have perpetual succession. Indian Partnership Act, 1932 shall not be applicable to LLPs and there shall not be any upper limit on number of partners in an LLP unlike an ordinary partnership firm where the maximum number of partners can not exceed 20, LLP Act makes a mandatory statement where one of the partner to the LLP should be an Indian. 5. Provisions have been made for corporate actions like mergers, amalgamations etc. 6.While enabling provisions in respect of winding up and dissolutions of LLPs have been made, detailed provisio ns in this regard would be provided by way of rules under the Act. 7. The Act also provides for conversion of existing partnership firm, private limited company and unlisted public company into a LLP by registering the same with the Registrar of Companies (ROC) 8. Nothing Contained in the Partnership Act 1932 shall effect an LLP. 9. The Registrar of Companies (Roc) shall register and control LLPs also. 10. The governance of LLPs shall be in electronic mode based on the successful model of the present Ministry of Corporate Affairs Portal. Chapter Assignments 1. What are the tasks of Financial Management? 2. Discuss the undischarged features of the traditional approach to Corporation Finance. 3.Discuss the distinctive features of modern approach to Corporation Finance. 4. What is the normative goal of financial management? 5. Financial Management is an integral part of the jobs of all managers. Hence it cannot be entrusted to a staff Department. Discuss. 6. Discuss some of the probl ems the financial managers in a developing commonwealth like India have to grapple with. 7. Draw a typical organization chart highlighting the finance function of a company. 8. Which of the following functions should be the responsibility of a Finance Manager? i) Maintaining the books of account. ii) Negotiating loans with banks iii) Preparation of cost statements iv) Conducting of internal audit v) Analysis of new projects i) Ensuring that enough cash is available at all the branches and factories of the company. vii) Assisting the management in victorious a decision regarding the quantum of dividend. viii) Negotiating under-writing agreements in case of new issues ix) Preparing the financial statements. x) Deciding about change in the policies regarding recruitment. xi) Decision on administrative practices. xii) Change in marketing and advertising techniques routine. 9. Which of the following statements are true? i) It is the job of the finance manager to approve all payments. i i) The finance manager has to keep a proper balance in the procurement and use of funds. iii) Acquisition of fixed assets is of no concern to the finance manager. v) It is always advisable to distribute the total amount of profit as dividend. v) Since it is crucial that all sections of the business have adequate cash, it is a good policy to give each sections of the business double the amount of cash that they normally require so that they can meet even emergencies. vi) Debentures and loans from financial institutions are very important sources of long-term funds. vii) It is better if no credits are given to the customers since this would mean that no amounts are tied up in sundry creditors. viii) In a period of rising prices, it is better to stock as much as raw material as possible, irrespective of the cost of procuring funds. x) A proper capitalization ensures that there is a balance between long-term funds and short-term funds and also proper ratios are maintained between the va rious sources of funds. 10. Which of the following statements do you agree? i) Financial management is necessity only in private sector enterprise. ii) Only capitalists have to bother about money. The bureaucrat is to administer and not manage funds. iii) The public administrators in our country must be given a basic understanding of essentials of finance. iv) A state owned Transport Company must immediately deposit in the bank all its takings. v) Financial Management is counting pennies. We do not believe in such miserly attitude. vi) Finance function is important as any other function in an organization.

Globalization and Youth Essay

world(a)isation and Culture mean different things to different plurality and the emerging generation go out shape the future of both. There has been cultural implications are central to understanding human side of globalisation in youth husbandry as a whole. Youth are important but the society does not realize this because they are gainful attention to more the cultural side of the problem. No long-term is it a question of whether globalization is having an impact on all aspects of human life the more pressing question macrocosm asked today is what that impact entails.The sum goal is to explore the situated effects of the era in which we are living now on the global and local cultures of young people jibe to Jacqueline Kennelly. The youth have come to represent both the moral decline of eroding brotherly fabric and the hope for a new and creative reception to challenging times in which global youth cultures have responded to that incorporates the limits and possibilities of the contemporary era. There have been some laws that have made children and the youth enter into the food market in ways they should not.The implications of this situation is that young people are now required to turn inward- to themselves and in some cases their families in order to respond to wonderful uncertainties and risk associated with modern life. Youth studies appear to have increased on how we need to represent local youth identities and social practices within international, transnational or global contexts. This challenge is repeated across many an(prenominal) an(prenominal) different types of study and worked through in a variety ways.There is a common medallion that will help young peoples identities and lives today must or should be understood with reference to global phenomena and frameworks and in terms of how they move negotiate and are formed in the intersection of local and global contexts. People are beginning to question about youth identities today, one of the tell problems is that young people do not realize the gains and losses these youth are facing in the local and global comparison.Many of these studies have cognise that youth query examines the impact of globalization on the youth experience and identity and in various ways engages with the local and global dualism as abstract frameworks that have been studied throughout the years. These studies show more of strengths than weaknesses due to the global levels in focus with the local, national and global levels. The youth have been studied for many years which mean there is a lot to more research about how globalization will affect the many concerns today.Contemporary youth research is conducted in the era of cultural globalization and this means that it stomach cause more trouble to what is being studied. Globalization in youth is something hard to explicate but it is easy to condone when talking about the world as a whole. It shows that youth do have a big impact o n the world because they are learning to set an example for when they grow up to show that they can make changes as their role models have. Academic youth and culture have been long understood as inseparable and closely related to one another since education is important if they pauperism to have good paying careers.Most of this information is based on the ethnic culture since we have different types it is hard to know which ones will be successful and who will be the troublemakers. The context of globalization processes understanding and the preservation of ethnic self-identity has become important value for that reason our youth needs to understand that the lifestyle is different from what it was a few years ago because youth are using more technology and seem to know more about situations before the adults tend to know.As Sam George states Young people have a symbiotic relationship with globalization that accelerates its influence in their lives, and studies have shown that peo ple have been denied the existence of globalization of culture. As explained it is widely agreed that there is no such thing as global culture, but it has not been figured out and it hard to explain since youth and globalization have different aspects. It is difficult to discern between global and local influences between the spatial effects of globalization in our occasional lives.This is a special issue that needs to be addressed to the point that the youth cultural spaces that have been immune to social inequalities. As explained in many of these articles we see that youth have created new social and cultural spaces in the global and local communities that experience problems with race, class and gender all over the world. I think youth need to have more focus because everyday in the news something is going on with children getting into trouble or anxious(p) for unknown reasons.Such as getting shot for wearing a hoodie or taking unknown drugs that affect them by hanging around fully grown influences this is an example of how youth culture By mapping and troubling how these frameworks operate in recent research about youth and globalization, Kennelly asks how researchers interpret that represent unembellished transformations in their lives. Education also plays an important role in the youth culture because the education systems are organized nationally and there has been suspicion that globalization has been on the rise in these communities according to Julie McLeod.Global or transnational changes do not simply happen in global either and can manifest in particular places and times. As Kenneth Hultqvist (2003) argues while there is nothing global or general per se, globalizing trends and ideas are made global by being inserted and translated and put to work on various local (national) contexts. There have been many studies that can be used and be understood about many ideas and truths about young people in todays society. It also involves looking at lo cal translations and not only of global discourses in the stinting processed and how it impacts the experience of young people.The word Globalization has been widely used in the last ten years of the last century especially afterward the collapse of the Soviet Union. Globalization appeared clearly in a period a little more than ten years and was based in the the States after the collapse of the socialist bloc . Thus globalization moved in rapid leaps skipping time phases especially after the Information and communication revolution, the develop race, the unipolar hegemony over third-world countries and countries of the previous socialist bloc . Globalization was introduced at the beginning as a modernizing aspect that brings about changes in the scientific block.Globalization was introduced at the beginning as a modernizing aspect that brings about changes in the scientific, just like cultural and political fields that aims at linking economic and scientific advancement associati ng things to establish a new global civilization that is in the interests of the global centre that produces technology and leads the phenomena of the flow of commodities, services, construction and other things prevailing in western countries, especially America , to other countries and third world countries in particular.And we believe that globalization especially cultural globalization has different impacts because at prime(prenominal) glance, the concept of globalization calls for the unification of ideas, values and ways of thinking among different peoples of the world as a means providing a broad area of usual understanding and bringing people closer and securing world peace and these are all goals worth respect and appreciation . This triggered more inquiries about globalization its nature, facts, illusions, advantages, disadvantages and how to consider with it.According to Nadine Dolby and Fazal Rizvi (2008), consider the different forms and intensification of youth mobil ity- physical, imagined,virtual,desired,enforced- across both local and global spaces. People in different regions are caught up in the revenant circulation of global culture, through all types of media, movies and the internet this is has recently changed since the circumstances that young people inhabit are different from the past.Young people are bear on by the local and global dynamic is represented as a part of how they become modern and it not really understood in social or political shapes the young peoples daily lives. There is a fact that globalization represents the local as acted upon, as powerless in the face of global forces and it is argued that power is not confined to the global. As explained by Jacqueline Kennelly not resolving potential debates and argues that an important and fruitful direction for youth studies can be erect in more historically enriched approaches to researching young people today.As discussed in many of these articles about youth culture has given me a break in perspective of how that are existent throughout the world. The notion is that the late modern condition of globalization is influenced by such forces that are being met by strongly globalizing forces. Multiple research has been done throughout the world with economic, academic and other resources has been essential because there has been global, political and social forces causing all the young people from being privileged like other countries.Young people are at the very heart of this unfolding global economic and cultural order. overly to acknowledge the effects of national location with all the local and global relations with the contemporary youth has caused many problems and needs to be changed right external without it becoming a major problem. Many discussions have been done about youth culture in different countries because some people may want to know what is going on with youth especially in global communities since we cannot be close to them.

Identifying and Explaining Physical skills and Physical techniques Essay

Physical Skills* Arm height* Head position* further of arm rotations during delivery* Ability to bowl for extended periods of time* Speed of the pull upArm HeightEffects of High Actions* spear carrier outpouring than usual* Extra pace and sometimes derbys are able to skid the ball too* Extra Balance in the delivery stride* Extra accuracy, if the bowler has a side on action notably.Head PositionThis shows a delivery side on. The head position of this player is kept liner the target, straight and steady at all times. Focusing on the target will provide the following things* The delivery will ultimately go where targeted at* No possible injuries to the neck any sudden jerks will stretch the neck muscles and sometimes will result in strains and tears* It will sponsor in the momentum and balance in the delivery strideSpeed of Shoulder RotationsIf a player wants to bowl quickly, the main aspects of bowling quickly is 1. The fixedness of which the shoulder rotates and 2. An explosive action.Shoaib Ahktar, for example, has both of these and bowls with tremendous pace, the rotations of his shoulder allow him to exceed speeds of over 9Omph each delivery.Ability to bowl for extended periods of timeIn this scorecard of a 1938 Test Match, M G Waite, a single bowler bowls 72 overs. In doing this requires massive Cardiovascular Endurance, Stamina and Motivation. dickens other bowlers bowled over between them, but these bowlers were spinners. M G Waite was most likely to be a seam bowler so this type of bowler must be prepared for extensive bowling, including breaks at intervals though.Speed of the run upFast bowlers such as Dennis Lillie and Michael Holding all ball with big(p) pace and to do this they must have a source The Run Up. Both these bowlers have unusually long run ups, Dennis Lillies at 47 paces and Michael Holdings at 5O. Cardiovascular Endurance and Stamina play a big part in maintaining there pace and consistencyThe run up of these bowlers should be Sm ooth, Balanced, Economical, Rhythmic and Consistent.* Small steps initially led to larger strides* The body leans forward* The arms stay close to the body* The detainment remain in motion, carried above the waistband and the within the width of the trunk* The head remains steady, with the eyes fixed on the target.

Financial management Essay

Q1. What are the goals of financial management?Ans.Financial management means maximization of economic welfare of its shareholders. maximization of economic welfare means maximization of wealth of its shareholders. Shareholders wealth maximization is reflected in the market pry of the firms shares. Experts confide that, the goal of financial management is attained when it maximizes the market measure out of shares. There are two versions of the goals of financial management of the firm- good Maximization and Wealth Maximization.Profit maximizationProfit maximization is based on the cardinal rule of efficiency. Its goal is to maximize the returns with the best output and price levels. A firms performance is evaluated in terms of profitability. Profit maximization is the traditional and narrow advance, which aims at maximizing the profit of the concern. Allocation of resources and investors percept of the telephoners performance toilette be traced to the goal of profit maximiza tion.Wealth maximizationThe term wealth means shareholders wealth or the wealth of the persons those who are involved in the business concern. Wealth maximization is those who are involved in the business concern. Wealth maximization is also known as prize maximization or shekels present worth maximization. This objective is an universally accepted concept in the field of business. Wealth maximization is contingent only when the comp whatsoever pursues policies that would increase the market evaluate of shares of the comp whatever. It has been accepted by the finance managers as it overcomes the limitations of profit maximization.The following arguments are in support of the favourable position of wealth maximization over profit maximization * Wealth maximization is based on the concept of funds flows. Cash flows are a frankness and not based on any subjective interpretation. On the new(prenominal) hand, profit maximization is based on any subjective interpretation. On the o ther hand, profit maximization is based on accounting profit and it also contains many subjective elements.* Wealth maximization considers time value of currency. Time value of money translates cash flow occurring at different periods into a comparable value at zero period. In this transition, the quality of cash flow is considered small in all decisions as it incorporates the jeopardy associated with the cash flow stream. It finally crystallizes into the rate of return that will motivate investors to part with their hard earned savings. maximise the wealth of the shareholders means net present value of the decisions implemented.Q2. Explain the factors imprinting Financial Plan.Ans. To help your organization succeed, you should develop a plan that demand to be followed. This applies to starting the company, developing new product, creating a new department or any undertaking that affects the companys future. There are several factors that affect planning in an organization. To create an efficient plan, you need to understand the factors involved in the planning process. Organizational planning is affected by many factors Priorities In most companies, the priority is generating revenue, and this priority can sometimes interfere with the planning process of any project. When you start the planning process for any project, you need to define each of the issues facing the company a priority rating.That priority rating will determine what issues will sidetrack you from the planning of your project, and which issues can wait until the process is complete. Company Resources Having an idea and developing a plan for your company can help your company to grow and succeed, but if the company does not have the resources to make the plan come together, it can stall progress. One of the first steps to any planning process should be an evaluation of the resources necessary to complete the project, compared to the resources the company has available. Some of the re sources to consider are finances, personnel, space requirements, access to materials and vendor relationships. Forecasting A company constantly should be forecasting to help prepare for changes in the marketplace.Forecasting sales revenues, materials costs, personnel costs and overhead costs can help a company plan for upcoming projects. Without accurate forecasting, it can be difficult to tell if the plan has any chance of success, if the company has the capabilities to pull off the plan and if the plan will help to strengthen the companys standing within the industry. For example, if your forecasting for the cost of goods has changed due to a sudden increase in material costs, then that can affect elements of your product roll-out plan, including communicate profit and the long-term commitment you might need to make to a supplier to try to get the lowest price possible. Contingency Planning To successfully plan, an organization needs to have a contingency plan in place. If the company has decided to pursue a new product line, there needs to be a part of the plan that addresses the possibility that the product line will fail.Q3. Explain the time value of money.Ans.Money has time value. A rupee today is more valuable than a year hence. It is on this concept the time value of money is based. The recognition of the time value of money and venture is extremely vital in financial decision making. Most financial decisions such as the purchase of assets or procurement of funds, affect the firms cash flows in different time periods. For example, if a fixed asset is purchased, it will require an immediate cash outlay and will generate cash flows during many future periods. Similarly if the firm borrows funds from a bank or from any other source, it receives cash and commits an obligation to pay interest and pay off principal in future periods. The firm may also raise funds by issuing equity shares. The firms cash equilibrate will increase at the time shares are issued, but as the firm pays dividends in future, the outflow of cash will occur. Sound decision-making requires that the cash flows which a firm is expected to give up over period should be logically comparable. In fact, the absolute cash flows which differ in timing and risk are not directly comparable.Cash flows become logically comparable when they are appropriately adjusted for their differences in timing and risk. The recognition of the time value of money and risk is extremely vital in financial decision-making. If the timing and risk of cash flows is not considered, the firm may make decisions which may discontinue it to miss its objective of maximizing the owners welfare. The welfare of owners would be maximized when Net Present Value is created from making a financial decision. It is thus, time value concept which is important for financial decisions.Thus, we conclude that time value of money is central to the concept of finance. It recognizes that the value of money is d ifferent at different points a of time. Since money can be put to productive use, its value is different depending upon when it is received or paid. In simpler terms, the value of a certain amount of money today is more valuable than its value tomorrow. It is not because of the uncertainty involved with time but purely on account of timing. The difference in the value of money today and tomorrow is referred as time value of money.Q6. What are the assumptions of MM approach?Ans.Modigliani Millar approach, popularly known as the MM approach is quasi(prenominal) to the Net in operation(p) income approach. The MM approach favors the Net operating income approach and agrees with the fact that the cost of crown is independent of the degree of leverage and at any mix of debt-equity proportions. The significance of this MM approach is that it provides operational or behavioral justification for constant cost of capital at any degree of leverage. Whereas, the net operating income approach does not provide operational justification for independence of the companys cost of capital.Basic Propositions of MM approach1. At any degree of leverage, the companys overall cost of capital (ko) and the Value of the firm (V) remains constant. This means that it is independent of the capital structure. The total value can be obtained by capitalizing the operating earnings stream that is expected in future, discounted at an appropriate discount rate suitable for the risk undertaken.2. The cost of capital (ke) equals the capitalization rate of a pure equity stream and a premium for financial risk. This is equal to the difference between the pure equity capitalization rate and ki times the debt-equity ratio.3. The minimum cut-off rate for the purpose of capital investments is fully independent of the way in which a project is financed.Assumptions of MM approach1. Capital markets are perfect. 2. All investors have the same expectation of the companys net operating income for the purp ose of evaluating the value of the firm. 3. Within similar operating environments, the business risk is equal among all firms. 4. 100% dividend payout ratio. 5. An assumption of no taxes was there earlier, which has been removed.Limitations of MM hypothesis1. Investors would find the personal leverage inconvenient. 2. The risk perception of corporate and personal leverage may be different. 3. Arbitrage process cannot be smooth due the institutional restrictions. 4. Arbitrage process would also be affected by the transaction costs. 5. The corporate leverage and personal leverage are not perfect substitutes. 6. Corporate taxes do exist. However, the assumption of no taxes has been removed later.

Food And Drug Administration On Tobacco Essay

Due to the remarkable number of premature deaths caused by smoking during the period of 1995-19991, the government agencies of America, especially the Food and do drugs Administration (FDA) made several take in charges in regulating tobacco and tobacco products. Lots of laws have been made in order to solve this problem. There was an attempt in issuing additional tax on each stick of the cigarette. However, people who smoke ranging from minor smokers to heavy smokers would still continue to buy cigarettes disregarding of its price. Some rules recommended the limitation of peoples access to tobacco products, as well as restrictions on the marketing of these products to minors.Do there need to be changes in existing laws?Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act were introduced in 20072. This Act though abundant of good laws is not strong. Some amendments should be made on the laws involved.How should those changes be approached and effected?Lots of amendments have been made on the laws. Some attempts were on the regulation of tobacco products through disclosure, annual registration, inspection, translate keeping, and user fee requirements. Others approaches involve (1)limiting product sales on licensed drugstores (2)prohibiting product sales through face-to-face transactions in retail outlets (3) establishing a minimum age greater than 18 years of age for product purchases (4) warning label and advertising requirements. These attempts would be well effected through total and consistent public dissemination.3Is there an jar on other government agencies? Identify the agencies impacted. The impact of this change is not only on the government agencies. It would in any case affect other organizations such as in the world of business, advertisement, etc. The government agencies are the Federal Trade Commission, Federal Communications Commission, content bring of Health, Peace Corps and as well as The White House.How should it be resolved? Agreements sh ould be made among affected agencies in order to resolve the impact of regularizing the circulation of tobacco. Others should give sacrifices for the sake of the health of the majority. The best suggestion to solve this conflict is to develop a product that would totally replace tobacco products or at least replace nicotine-free ingredients for cigarettes.ReferencesBonnie, Richard J., Kathleen R. Stratton, Robert B. Wallace. (2007). Ending the Tobacco Problem A Blueprint for the Nation. cap The National Academy Press.Hickmann, Meredith A. (2003).The Food and Drug Administration (FDA). New York Nova Publishers.Kessler, David A. MD. (2000). A Question of Intent A Great American Battle with a Deadly Industry. Food and Drug AdministrationPublic Affairs.Redhead, Stephen and Jody Feder. (December 3, 2004). FDA Regulation of Tobacco Products A Policy and Legal Analysis. Retrieved from http//digital.library.unt.edu/ govdocs/crs/permalink/meta-crs-81981 on 13 April 2008.Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People. Washington Diane Publishing ,1997.Taking Action to Reduce Tobacco Use. Washington1 Andrew C. von Eschenbach, M.D., Statement on H.R. 1108, Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, (October 3, 2007), http//www.fda.gov/oc/oms/ofm/budget/2002/cj2002/HTML/Tobacco.htm, Accessed April 13, 2008.2 Richard J. Bonnie, Kathleen R. Stratton, Robert B. Wallace, Ending the Tobacco Problem A Blueprint for the Nation, Washington The National Academy Press, 126.3 C. Stephen Redhead and Jody Feder, FDA Regulation of Tobacco Products A Policy and Legal Analysis, (December 3, 2004), http//digital.library.unt.edu/govdocs/crs/permalink/meta-crs-81981, Accessed 13 April 2008. Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People (Washington Diane Publishing ,1997), 278 282.

Proper Paragraphing

PJgQP. BR PARAGRAPHING V 1. Remember to always indent your paragraph. 2. Begin with a paper doom which makes a general statement nigh what is to follow in your paragraph. This topic excoriate controls and limits what can be discussed in the re principal(prenominal)der of the paragraph. 3. After you have chosen a good topic sentence, you lead to develop the idea into a well-organized paragraph. One way to do this is to use very specialised congressmans that support whatever statement is made in the topic examples in each paragraph. efoutfxuj te, asJcad -fo use, mofc) 4. Every example needs to be followed with an explanation. f how the example helps illustrate the point of vour paragraph. It is never wise to just attend the examples and not provide any explanation. sentence. It is wise for you to use at least three . 5 abrogate the paragraph with a sentence that summarizes and concludes the paragraph or the point you are trying to make in your paragraph. This sentence is refer red to as a concluding sentence. It signals to the reader that you have said all you are exhalation to say about the topic you are examining in the paragraph. 6. 7. Remember that a paragraph deals with one main idea and ne topic not a series of unrelated events and/or topics. As always, you need to be careful about spelling and grammar. IN REVIEW a paragraph should be about one topic only. When you need to change topics, create a new paragraph. your topic sentence should enjoin your reader exactly what your paragraph is going to be about each example you use (and you chiefly will be asked to use at least three examples per paragraph) needs to be backed up by a clear explanation you must end your paragraph with a concluding sentence always indent your paragraph and check your spelling J and grammar. i i t i a r PARAGRAPH OUTLINE w TOPIC SENTENCE POINT 1 reason (INCLUDE CONTEXT FOR QUOTATION) EXPLANATION (HOW DOES EVIDENCE PROVE POINT? ) POINT2i EVIDENCE EXPLANATION POIN T 3 w EVIDENCE EXPLANATION CONCLUDING SENTENCE (RELATE WHAT YOU HAVE PROVEN TO TOPIC SENTENCE) r) o face grade 9 and 10 Rubric PARAGRAPH EVALUATION w LR Absent V /3 m k -W, * LI Limited L2 Some L3 Considerable L4 Thorough ,-* Knowledge Clear, focused provoke ideas 0-2 2. 5-3 3. 5-4. 5 5-6. 5 7-7. 5 -Ideas support topic entence -Understanding of topic Thinking (Inquiry) 0-3 -Insights, support -Logical coherent line of reasoning -Ideas are interrelated -Relevant evidence to 3. 5-4 4. 5-5. 5 6-7. 5 8-9 support ideas w Communication 0-3 3. 5-4 4. 5-5. 5 6-7. 5 8-9 -Style -Coherence Purpose is clear -Appropriate and effective use of language -Flow of ideas -Precise, clear choice of words Application 0-1. 5 -Unity, organization -Command of paragraph form (topic/conclusion) -Grammar,spelling,punctuation -Smooth transitions w 2. 5-3 3. 5 4-4. 5 -Requires no editing/error-frce

Rainy season

The miserly flavor, monsoon season or rainy season is the time of year when most of a expanses average annual peltingoccurs. It usually lasts 1 or much months. The term green season is in like manner sometimes used as aeuphemlsm by tourist authorities. Areas with rigid seasons atomic number 18 dispersed crossways portions of the tropics andsubtropics. under the Kppen mood classification, fo In contrast to atomic number 18as with savanna modalitys and monsoon reglmes,medlterranean modes have wet everyplacewinters and prohibitionist summers.Tropical rainforests technically do non have dry or wet seasons, since their ainfall is equally distributed throughout the year. Some areas with pronounced rainy seasons will gain vigor a break in rainfall mld-season, when the Intertroplcal convergence z star or monsoon trough moves poleward of their location during the midsection of the prompt season. When the wet season occurs during a warm season, or summer, precipitation fall s mainly during the latterly good afternoon and proterozoic evening hours.The wet season is a time when air fictional characterbetters, fresh water quality improves, and vegetation grows substantially, leading to crop yields new-fangled in the season. Floods cause rivers to overf suffering their banks, and some animals to retreat to high ground. reason nutrients diminish and erosion increases. The incidence of malaria increases in areas where the rainy season coincides with high temperatures. Animals have registration and excerpt strategies for the wetter regime.Character of rainfall In areas where the thick rainfall is associated with a wind shift, the wet season becomes cognize as the monsoon. 7 Since rainfall during the wet season is predominantly due to daytime heating which leads to diurnal electrical storm natural process ithin a pre-existing moist airmass, rainfall is mainly focused during the late afternoon and archean evening hours within savannah and monsoon re gimes.This also leads to much of the total rainfall each day go during the initial minutes of the downpour,6 before the storms mature into their stratiform stage. 8 While most locations have only one wet season, areas of the tropics can experience ii wet seasons as the monsoon trough, or Inter equatorial Convergence Zone, can give over locations in the tropics twice per year. Since rain forests have equitable rainfall throughout the year. hey do not technically have a wet seasom The situation Is different for locations within the Mediterranean climate regime.In the Hesperian united States, during the cold season from September through May, extratropical cyclones from the Pacific ocean move midland Into the region due to a southward migration of the common sprout during the cold season. This shift in the Jet stream brings much of the annual precipitation to the and also brings the potential for minatory rain and strong low drive systems. 10 The peninsula of Italy experience s very similar weather to the western United States in this regard. Areas affected Areas with a savanna climate In Sub-Saharan Africa, such as Ghana, Burkina 1 3 5 and Botswana have a distinct rainy season. 1 7 Also within the savannah climate regime, Florida and East Texas have a rainy Monsoon regions include southeasterly Asla(lnclualng Inaonesla ana nortnern sectlons 0T Australlas Nortn, 21 Polynesia,22 Central America,23 western and southernMexico,24 the Desert Southwest of the United States, southernGuyana, portions of northeast Brazil. Northern Guyana experiences two wet seasons one in late spring and the new(prenominal) in early winter. 25 In western Africa, there are two rainy seasons across southern sections with only one across the north. 27 at bottom the Mediterranean climate regime, the west coast of the United States and theMediterranean coastline of Italy, Greece,28 and Turkey experience a wet season in the winter months. 29 Similarly, the wet season in the Negev d esert of Israel extends from October through May. 30 At the boundary between the Mediterranean and monsoon climates lies the Sonoran desert, which receives the two rainy seasons associated with each climate regime. 31 The wet season is known by many different topical anesthetic names hroughout the world. For example, the wet season period of the year in Mexico is known as storm season.Effects In tropical areas, when the monsoon arrives daytime high temperatures drop and overnight low temperatures increase. 32 During the wet season, a combination of heavy rainfall and in some areas, such as Hong Kong, a wind more off the ocean, significantly improve air quality. 33 In Brazil, the wet season is correlated to weaker trade winds off the ocean. 26 The pH take aim of water becomes more balanced due to the charging of local aquifers during the wet season.Rainy SeasonThe wet season, monsoon season or rainy season is the time of year when most of a regions average annual rainfalloccurs. I t usually lasts one or more months. The term green season is also sometimes used as aeuphemism by tourist authorities. Areas with wet seasons are dispersed across portions of the tropics andsubtropics. Under the Koppen climate classification, fo In contrast to areas with savannaclimates and monsoon regimes,mediterranean climates have wet winters and dry summers.Tropical rainforests technically do not have dry or wet seasons, since their rainfall is equally distributed throughout the year. Some areas with pronounced rainy seasons will see a break in rainfall mid-season, when the intertropical convergence zone or monsoon trough moves poleward of their location during the middle of the warm season. When the wet season occurs during a warm season, or summer, precipitation falls mainly during the late afternoon and early evening hours.The wet season is a time when air qualityimproves, freshwater quality improves, and vegetation grows substantially, leading to crop yields late in the seas on. Floods cause rivers to overflow their banks, and some animals to retreat to higher ground. Soil nutrients diminish and erosion increases. The incidence of malaria increases in areas where the rainy season coincides with high temperatures. Animals have adaptation and survival strategies for the wetter regime.Character of rainfallIn areas where the heavy rainfall is associated with a wind shift, the wet season becomes known as the monsoon. Since rainfall during the wet season is predominantly due to daytime heating which leads to diurnal thunderstorm activity within a pre-existing moist airmass, rainfall is mainly focused during the late afternoon and early evening hours within savannah and monsoon regimes. This also leads to much of the total rainfall each day dropping during the initial minutes of the downpour, before the storms mature into their stratiform stage.While most locations have only one wet season, areas of the tropics can experience two wet seasons as the monsoon tro ugh, or Intertropical Convergence Zone, can pass over locations in the tropics twice per year. Since rain forests have equitable rainfall throughout the year, they do not technically have a wet season. The situation is different for locations within the Mediterranean climate regime.In the western United States, during the cold season from September through May, extratropical cyclones from the Pacific ocean move inland into the region due to a southward migration of the jet stream during the cold season. This shift in the jet stream brings much of the annual precipitation to the region, and also brings the potential for heavy rain and strong low pressure systems. The peninsula of Italy experiences very similar weather to the western United States in this regard.Areas affectedAreas with a savanna climate in Sub-Saharan Africa, such as Ghana, Burkina Faso, Darfur, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Botswana have a distinct rainy season. Also within the savannah climate regime, Florida and East Tex as have a rainy season. Monsoon regions include southeast Asia(including Indonesia and Philippines), northern sections of Australias North, Polynesia, Central America, western and southernMexico, the Desert Southwest of the United States, southernGuyana, portions of northeast Brazil. Northern Guyana experiences two wet seasons one in late spring and the other in early winter.In western Africa, there are two rainy seasons across southern sections with only one across the north. Within the Mediterranean climate regime, the west coast of the United States and theMediterranean coastline of Italy, Greece, and Turkey experience a wet season in the winter months. Similarly, the wet season in the Negev desert of Israel extends from October through May. At the boundary between the Mediterranean and monsoon climates lies the Sonoran desert, which receives the two rainy seasons associated with each climate regime.The wet season is known by many different local names throughout the world. For e xample, the wet season period of the year in Mexico is known as storm season. Effects In tropical areas, when the monsoon arrives daytime high temperatures drop and overnight low temperatures increase. During the wet season, a combination of heavy rainfall and in some areas, such as Hong Kong, a wind more off the ocean, significantly improve air quality. In Brazil, the wet season is correlated to weaker trade winds off the ocean. The pH level of water becomes more balanced due to the charging of local aquifers during the wet season.Water also softens, as dissolved materials lower in concentration during the rainy season. Erosion is also increased during rainy periods. Arroyosthat are dry at other times of the year fill with runoff, in some cases with water as deep as 10 feet (3. 0 m). Leaching of soils during periods of heavy rainfall depletes nutrients. The excessive runoff from land masses significantly impacts nigh ocean areas, which are more stratified, or less mixed, due to st ronger surface currents forced by the heavy rainfall runoff.FloodsWidespread flooding can occur if rainfall becomes excessive, which can lead to landslides and mudflows in mountainous areas. such floods cause rivers to leave their banks and homes to go underwater. Floods can be exacerbated by fires during the previous dry season, which cause soils which are sandy or composed of loam to become hydrophobic, or repellent of water.There are various ways organization organizations help their residents deal with wet season floods. Flood plain mapping is conducted, which helps diagnose what areas are more prone to flooding. Instructions on how to control erosion through outreach is also done via telephone or the internet.HumansThe wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the Savanna climate regime. However, this also means that wet season is a time for food shortages before crops reach their full maturity. This causes seasonal worker weight changes for people in developi ng countries, with a drop occurring during the wet season until the time of the offset printing harvest, when weights rebound. Malaria incidence increases during periods of high temperature and heavy rainfall. Animals Cows calve, or give birth, at the beginning of the beor wet seasonclarify.The attempt of the rainy season signals the departure of the Monarch butterflyfrom Mexico. Tropical species of butterflies show larger dot markings on their move to fend off possible predators and are more active during the wet season than the dry season. Within the tropics and warmer areas of the subtropics, decreased salinity of near shore wetlands due to the rains causes an increase in crocodile nesting. former(a) species, such as the arroyo toad, spawn within the couple of months after the seasonal rains. Armadillosand rattlesnakes seek higher ground.