Ibn Sinna Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ibn Sinna - Essay Example Ibn Sina’s preeminent work incorporates the great Al Qanun, the Canon and Kitab-al-Shifa (The Book of Healing). The Canon talks about clinical totally so as to arrange all the current clinical knowledge. While, Kitab-al-Shifa being a philosophical reference book, covers gigantic subject matters from theory to science. The Sheik al-Ra’is Sharaf al-Mulk Abu Ali al-Husayn Abd Allah al-Hasan Ali Ibn Sina, for the most part known as Avicenna, is among the most celebrated and unique Muslim rationalists throughout the entire existence of reasoning (Al Naqib, 1993). He is the genuine maker of an academic framework in the Islamic world and is portrayed as the pioneer of Islamic way of thinking. The most acclaimed works of Avicenna are on theory and medication. His philosophical dreams have charmed the enthusiasm of Western scholars over various hundreds of years, and his compositions have been among the most critical sources in reasoning. His other significant commitments were in the fields of power, verse, creature physiology, minerals, talk, and mechanics of solids, Arabic sentence structure and meteorology (Ahmed, 1990). Ibn Sina birth occurred in the town of Afshana in the encompassing regions of Bukhara, presently known as in Uzbekistan, in 980 AD (370 AH) in an Islamic family intrigued by scholarly sciences and theory which end up being incredibly persuasive later in his life (Al Naqib, 1993). His initial tutoring was done in Bukhara and got proficient in the investigation of the Quran and different sciences by the time of ten. His instructor, Abu Abdallah Natili, an eminent scholar, showed him rationale and numerous different subjects (Ahmed, 1990). Besides, he started perusing reasoning by examining various Greek, Muslim and different books identified with this subject. He achieved a level of mastery in medication at an exceptionally youthful age because of which he increased massive notoriety. In the wake of restoring the King of Bukhara, Nooh Ibn Mansoor, at 17 years old, he was

Good Soldiers Essay Free Essays

Causes and Consequences In War and the Iliad, Simons Well and Rachel Bespangle offer contradicting decipher releases of the utilization of physical savagery (power) against someone else. The Good Soldiers considers power inside the setting of the Iraq War. Because of these writings, what question or questions do you have about the causes and outcomes of power in contemporary life, especially in war? For our first significant paper, seek after a line of request that investigates the issue of crazy brutality, especially as it identifies with our course messages. We will compose a custom article test on Great Soldiers Essay or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now What drives us to use for CE? What are the outcomes that follow from that decision? What job does society plan y In our ability to damage or slaughter others? Are warriors, who get paid to utilize power to rest Love strife, saints or casualties in war? Offer these inquiries as instances of what you could consider. At last, you a liable for the inquiry that you choose to investigate. My lone limitation: y our request must identify with our course readings. Whatever question you choose to address, if you don't mind consolidate in any event two Of 0 our three writers into your exposition. What's more, you should likewise fuse in any event five o outside sources, either on the side of your position or to help explain the considering tenth note that your are free to remember tales from your own life for your article - ? conceivably in its presentation. Suggest that you use layouts from They Say, I Say in your body show up aphis to sum up, to cite, and/r to remark on your proof. You are composing for a group of people that is new to our writings, so you should sum up the m as you present your case, where important. Past that, the article must follow MEAL and class designing prerequisites. A search unfinished copy is expected on Tuesday, November 4. A drainage draft is expected on Friday, November 7. The last draft is expected toward the start of class on Tuesday, November 1, and must be at any rate eight pages in length excluding y our â€Å"Works Cited† page. The most effective method to refer to Good Soldiers Essay, Essays

100% Completion

100% Completion HELLO WORLD and welcome to my playthrough of a new game college! I’m streaming/blogging live from MIT and I’m indescribably excited to start playing. The game takes a pretty long time to complete, but it’s choose your own adventure, and there are an infinity of options to choose from. There are also many ways to play. Sure, you COULD just beat the dungeons to get your hands on the prized diploma, but it’s way more fun to complete all the sidequests as well. What are sidequests? Well, they’re smaller quests you can complete alongside the main quest (which is, of course, graduation), and often, they make the game a lot more interesting. Completing all the sidequests means that you’ve 100%ed the game in other words, you got the fullest possible experience. This particular game has a ridiculous amount of sidequests, so I’m going to list the ten that I definitely want to complete. Some of them are easy, and others are a little harder, but if I can finish all of them, I’ll consider myself decently on my way to 100%ing MIT. So, without further ado: Sidequest 1: Learn the building numbers. It irks me that after almost two weeks of not leaving this campus one single time, I consistently have no idea what building I’m in. The long term goal is to be able to correctly fill in a blank map of MIT with all the numbers, which will probably take forever, so bear with me here. Sidequest 2: Get my Pirate Certificate. To be honest, this is pretty much an irl sidequest. Unfortunately, it can be pretty hard to complete gym registration usually opens at 8 AM, and when I logged in at 8:01, there were already 16 people on the waitlist for sailing. Sidequest 3: Collect 60 free t-shirts. I’m expecting this to be one of the easier ones. I’ve already hoarded around six of them, and I’ve barely been here two weeks. I’m preparing to double my collection at the Career Fair, which is apparently the prime spot to stock up on free stuff (and probably job opportunities if you’re into that). Sidequest 4: Get a cool internship/externship. I’m a likely Course 6-3 (that’s computer science in MITese), but I don’t know what I’d like to work on within the CS sphere. However, if you asked me right now where I would want to intern, I would say Square Enix (because they do COOL THINGS with video games, and also because I am the biggest Final Fantasy fan on Earth) and the Jet Propulsion Lab (because they make things FLY into SPACE). Sidequest 5: Pull a cool hack. Extra hard mode: meet Jack Florey. Sidequest 6: Study abroad as many times as physically possible. Preferably in Japan as many of you will find out in blogs-to-come, Japan is my city and studying Japanese is one of my favorite things to do. I’ve studied abroad there twice and am dying to return! Luckily, MIT has an abundance of awesome study abroad programs, so I’m confident that I’ll make it back sometime within my four years here. Sidequest 7: *serious* Beat Imposter’s Syndrome. This is definitely A Thing. I attended a large public school, and was accustomed to getting solid grades and being Good At Stuff. But all it took was one step onto campus, and suddenly I was surrounded by peers who are Better At Stuff and not infrequently, The Best At Stuff, which is both inspiring and moderately terrifying. Sidequest 8: Survive the winter without a winter coat. One of the many reasons East Campus is the BEST DORM is that it is a 15 second dash to the nearest building, and also very close to MIT’s underground tunnel systems. In theory, there is no need for winter jackets, which is amazing because I think that they are poofy monstrosities. (Extra hard mode: survive the winter in just a t-shirt and basketball shorts, like most of the guys at my high school.) Sidequest 9: Build a thing. I have always been terrible at building anything (even with Legos), and I feel obligated as an MIT student to build SOMETHING during my time here. Currently, the closest I’ve gotten to building anything is standing in the East Campus courtyard and staring in awe as my dormmates constructed an entire rollercoaster for REX. One day, I too aspire to work on said rollercoaster. (Extra hard mode: build a thing that can kill cockroaches.) Sidequest 10: Find something I genuinely love to do. I consider this the mega boss of sidequests. You can complete the game and have a perfectly fulfilling experience without beating it, but you won’t have 100%-ed the game unless you do. This is my ultimate goal, and I’m hoping that four years will be enough to achieve it. And there you have it! We’ve got quite a lot of ground to cover, so buckle down it’s going to be an interesting playthrough. Thanks for joining me and I hope you’ll keep watching! Post Tagged #Course 6-3 - Computer Science #East Campus #Imposter's Syndrome #PE #Pirate Certificate #REX

Agenda-Setting and the Presidential Election Essay

Mike Smith COM-126 January 26, 2013 Tommy Hawk Agenda-Setting and the Presidential Election Elections of the past have had to rely on time consuming systems and procedures to compile information that would gauge the American attitude toward the political candidates and their respective platforms. The Presidential Election of 2012 has changed that system forever. This election came with state of the art technology that allowed live coverage of the endless campaigning followed by up to the minute input of American sentiment toward the policies and messages being marketed by both sides. These statistics helped in molding the individual parties platform and their message along with its delivery, or if they needed to change direction†¦show more content†¦The media also took note to Romney’s every slip and incorrect gesture, then revealed them over and over with commentary that was just as unappealing while America soaked it all in. It did not help Romney’s position when he added comments about the welfare system either. He failed to consider that approx imately 50% of households receive transfer benefits from the government. While being wealthy and proven to pay minimal taxes himself, comments about ‘who receives and who pays for government gifts’, came off as being hard-hearted’ (Mac Donald, H. 2012). Obama took aim at Romney’s ill-chosen comments and used them to change voter’s opinions in his favor. He quickly modified his speeches to confront the voters that receive welfare benefits and focused on the amenities they would lose if they did not vote him in for a 2nd term. Obama remained the leading contender among immigrants and single mothers, both sectors of which Romney pledged changes that would take place and not be in their favor. Many constituents started out as independent voters that swayed toward the conservative platform shared by republicans due to Romney’s political agenda and promises of reform. As the campaign dragged on, Romney consistently lost the mass appeal he began the race with. Media played a heavy part in helping Obama smear the opponent and may have won the election for him but certainly not by popularity, instead, perhaps due to the absence of urgentShow MoreRelatedAgenda Setting Theory Essay examples950 Words   |  4 PagesGl Final Exam Essay 2 1) Define and illustrate (i.e., give examples of) agenda-setting theory. How might a president try to use the media’s presumed agenda-setting powers near election time? In other words, might it behoove a president to take (or threaten to take) certain highly dramatic actions-especially concerning foreign affairs- just before an election that will impact strongly on the power of his/her political party? If so, what actions might a president be likely to take and under whatRead MoreThe And New Zealand Media Essay1329 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will demonstrate how both American and New Zealand media outlets shape and filter all their stories and decide what people see and think about, and how to think about certain stories; also known as ‘Agenda Setting’. New Zealand and America interpret news completely differently, what is important in America may have zero relevance to New Zealand media and vis versa. Agenda-setting is more obvious in the New York times, they report on specific events to endorse and highlight events orRead More‘Nowadays, It’s Neither Politicians nor Voters Who Decide Elections, It’s the Media.’ Discuss2983 Words   |  12 Pageswho decide elections, it’s the media.’ Discuss In modern democracy the issue of who decides elections is one that is particularly important to investigate due to the idea that in a perfect democracy, the majority of power should lie with the electorate, as by definition democracy means the rule of the people. Whilst much debate about the relationship between the media and democracy focuses on the role of different types of media, and the media as a platform, the focus of this essay shall be toRead MoreThe Relationship Between Social Media Platforms And The Government1517 Words   |  7 Pages This essay explores the different relationships between social media platforms and the government to provide insight into the different ways the government uses media masses to further their agendas and how its good business is used for political gain. This essay also discusses the different ideologies and fallacies individuals have of the media’s role in society. This essay wasn’t written to persuade one either way, but rather to bring the important relationship to light, so with better understandingRead MoreMedia s Influence On Public Opinion Essay1833 Words   |  8 Pagesabsorbing information, humans naturally conclude with an opinion. This essay will base around the issue that media does influence public opinion, in a way that the media uses different media effects and sources of medium to control the publics opinion. The subconscious media effects of Framing, Agenda setting and priming is used by the media in the method to control and alter the public opinion on a news story or political campaign. This essay will also look at several major media events throughout the lastRead MoreNsl Final Exam Study Guide7447 Words   |  30 PagesAP NSL EXAM ESSAY STUDY GUIDE 2011 1. The United States Supreme Court receives many appeals, but it hears and rules on a small percentage of cases each year. Numerous factors influence the actions of the Court, both in deciding to hear a case and in the decisions it hands down. a. Define judicial review. Judicial review is a power held in the Supreme Court to declare legislation, laws, bills, acts, and executive orders unconstitutional. b. Explain how judicial review empowers the SupremeRead MorePresident of the United States and Civil Liberties Essay3182 Words   |  13 PagesSample Essay Questions 1. In our discussion of representation in the United States, we discussed the various amendments to the U.S. Constitution that increased citizen representation. Name three amendments to the U.S. Constitution that increased citizen representation in our government, and explain specifically, how each either expanded our electorate or made the government more representatives of its citizens. - Amendment XV - African American Suffrage - African Americans receiveRead MoreThe Role Of Independent Agencies And The White House Staff Essay1900 Words   |  8 Pagespresidency of the mid-20th century set the use of power and popularity as precedence. The transition to the modern presidency can be understood through the development of the presidency’s institutional, international, and perceptual identity. In this essay, I will argue that the increasing role of independent agencies and the White House staff that spearheaded executive policymaking led to a significant institutional change to the presidency. I will also argue America’s expanding international functionRead MoreThe Hidden Face of Power2390 Words   |  10 Pagesultimately necessary to keep absolutist governments in check. The media have acquired a set of responsibilities over time to ensure that society are aware of essential information and current news, resulting in having an informed citizenry. This essay will highlight key ideas and theories, exploring the diverse realm and space which the media control. Combined with technical innovations and news convergences it is clear that the media have the power to shape a society and can alter the way peopleRead MoreEssay on Effects of Mass Media on Society1650 Words   |  7 Pagestelevision programmes and films. The developing technology of mobile phone allows people to do almost everything they can do with the computer. Nowaday, people are living in a world ‘saturated by media sounds and images.’ (McQuail, 2008, p.456) In this essay, a general introduction of social change and media influence will be discussed in the first section. The second section will introduce Golding’s four concepts of news media and their effects. The media effect in political area, such as propaganda will

The Black Death Different Causes Of The Black Death

â€Å"The Black Death: The Great Mortality of 1348-1350† presents an entirely different kind of trial than the one provided by Einhard and Notker. Where Charlemagne’s struggle was often glorious combat with his fellow man, the battle against the plague had none of the nobility and prestige of conquest, and while Charles strove for power, humanity during the plague fought only for survival. The world was well familiarized with violent ambitions of powerful men, but a disease that ended roughly half of the lives in Europe (Aberth, 269) was a trial in unfamiliar terrain. A chronicler, Agnolo di Tura recounted that â€Å"So many have died that everyone believes it is the end of the World† (Aberth, 278). The now clichà ©d phrase of the â€Å"enemy of my enemy†¦show more content†¦Sometimes the missteps of the medical community went so far as to cause inadvertent harm. Jacme D’agramont, physician and professor, writes in his â€Å"Regiment de preserv acio a epidimia o pestiliencia e mortaldats† of the dangers of bathing because it opens one’s pores and â€Å"through these pores corrupt air enters and has a powerful influence upon our body and on our humors.† (Aberth, 1186). The entire period was wrought with novelty cures and hypotheses about overcoming the plague, and so often these approaches failed that eventually the people would find solace wherever they could. Even art had a voice in coping with the Black Death. Much of the art was not only therapeutic for the artists and those who enjoyed them but they serve as an insight into the shared setiments of the time. These pieces understandably emphasize death and its inevitability as a primary theme. While the real victor over the plague turned out to be time, this perspective on conflict serves as a testament to the long-suffering determination of humanity to survive and thrive. The third account of crisis is found in Natalie Zemon-Davis’ story enti tled â€Å"The Return of Martin Guerre†. As the title states, this work centers around Martin Guerre, though the primary players include his wife Bertrande and Arnaud du Tilh, Martins’ imposter. With the sudden disappearance of Martin,Show MoreRelatedChristian and Muslim Views on the 14th Century Plague, Known as Black Death812 Words   |  4 PagesThe infamous plague, known as the Black Death, was a deadly disease which managed to spread throughout Europe and the Middle East in the 14th century. Although both the Europeans and the Empires of Islam experienced the Black Death, each region had different responses and reasons for the causes of the disease. Empires of Islam viewed the plague as a blessing from God while Europeans believed it was a punishment from Him. As a result of the Black Death, Europeans rebelled whereas Empires of IslamRead MoreThe Black Death831 Words   |  4 PagesTHE BLACK DEATH! What Is The Black Death? The Black Death is a disease that went on for over 5 years. It also spread around a wide range of places! It killled and harmed thousands upon thousands of people and had no mercy. If you were to sadly catch the Black Death, you would DEFINITELY die and there was many cures and causes however none of the causes actually worked also all of causes were thought to be a punishment from God. Once you knew you had the Black DeathRead MoreBlack Death Dbq1206 Words   |  5 Pagestheir fair share of disagreements, one being their responses to the Black Death. The religion, demography, and interactions all contributed to the differentiation of Muslim and Christian reactions. Christians thought that the Black Death was sent from God as a punishment and blamed the Jews, while Muslims considered it a blessing and did not accuse any minority of initiating the outbreak. The entire reason that the Black Death even spread in the first place was because of interactions. Trade wasRead MoreThe Black Death Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagessong little children sing while holding hands, walking around in a circle and then falling down. The nursery rhyme refers to the Black Death, one of the worst plagues of all time (Schladweller). Known as infectious diseases that spread quickly and kill countless people, plagues have had a tremendous affect on people around the world since the beginning of time. The Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, is a contagious bacterial infection that has killed millions of people. With the bubonic plagueRead MoreThe Black Death And The Plague Outbreak1331 Words   |  6 Pagescommonly known as the Black Death. This plague outbreak was extremely deadly and killed 30-60% of the European population at the time of the outbreak. The outbreak is commonly believed to have been caused by the bubonic plague, but modern evidence suggests that the Black Death was caused by pneumonic plague, a much more contagious and deadly infection. The Black Death was the second major plague outbreak in history, the first being the Justinian Plague in 541. The Black Death is believed to have beenRead MoreNorman F. Cantor s The Black Plague978 Words   |  4 Pagesdeal with the medieval period. In the beginning of this book, Cantor begins to describe how the black plague began and the symptoms of the black plague. The black plague was also known as the Black Death. Many have their own thoughts about how the plague started, but Cantor explains his thoughts throughout the first section of this book. According to Cantor, the plague started from a tiny flea. The black plague is thought to have started in Asia and spread through trade. Shipyards were filthy duringRead MoreEssay On The Black Death924 Words   |  4 Pagesknow precisely what was causing the Black Death to transpire, they also did not know how to cure it. In â€Å"The Black Death†, many thought that they needed to be sin free or that God needed to forgive them for their sins. This was true for people who resided in England during the time of the Black Death as well. Because they believed that the Black Death was God’s punishment, the only way to cure them of the plague was through God’s forgi veness. The article â€Å"Black Death† states, â€Å"By this logic, the onlyRead MoreHigh School Around The United States Is Debate Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pagesthe access to anonymity because of the black aesthetic. This means using state action allows for whiteness to remain invisible and renders blackness as an attractor to violence and has a continuous cycle of gratuitous violence that Wilderson says is inherently bad. It is called Afro-Pessimism because Frank B. Wilderson III doesn’t believe that materiality change means anything for the black body i.e. black people. This creates an illusion of hope for black people, which is inherently false underRead MoreThe Black Death: How Different Were Christian and Muslim Responses? Dbq936 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween 25 and 45% of the populations it encountered. (doc 2) So how different were the Christian and Muslim responses? In 1348 Christianity and Islam came face to face with the Black Death. (doc. 3A) In truth, M uslims and Christians responded in many different ways. Their ideas for what caused the Black Death were somewhat different from each other also. Even the way they thought they could cure the disease was almost entirely different. With evidence and accounts of people that exist from the BubonicRead MoreEdgar Allen Poe wrote the short story â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† in 1842. While only one1200 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allen Poe wrote the short story â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† in 1842. While only one character is actually named, Prince Prospero, the story builds apprehension just based on the descriptions and not on dialogue. The narrator is never named and it is a mystery as to this person’s involvement in the story. The ambiguousness of the narrator also helps build the drama throughout the story. â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† tells the story of a group of wealthy people who are trying to ignore and

After the Civil War Free Essays

After the Civil War, industrialization changed American culture, as railways connected developing urban communities and manufacturing plants pulled in floods of foreign laborers. By the late nineteenth century, numerous reformers looked to enhance the conditions in which numerous Americans worked and lived. Imperialism is the strategy of broadening a country’s power over different nations by financial, political or military means. We will write a custom essay sample on After the Civil War or any similar topic only for you Order Now The objective of the Americans for imperialism was for new markets would expand exchange which provided money, military power enhanced control, so it could contend with different nations, and social dominance so it could spread America’s way of life like religion, and language. The United States’ industrialization was developing so quickly that it was creating a bigger number of products than individuals could consume, and so American Imperialism was justified because of the overabundance of modern merchandise that drove the United States to search for entrance and venture into worldwide markets which were essential in making it a World Power. A U.S. representative’ speech had motivations in how the US gained with trades and starting to become wealthy, they still didn’t have a strong army nor navy. But it still fought for against the Spanish and fight for the rights of Cubans that suffered under the Spanish empire, even does many Americans didn’t support this because many weren’t ready for war. However, Albert Beveridge who was running for US Senator in 1898 had motivations to assure that US imperialism was necessary, that it was an ethical commitment to spreading their insight and prevalence of American’s religion and government overall less lucky individuals. For McKinley’s decision in the early 1900s after the Spanish War ended, with motivations that he pretentiously repudiated the U.S. army accomplishment of the Philippines under their control. The Hawaiian Memorial during 1897, the reason behind this was to remove the US government because they believed their nationality was being extinguished, but the US call to vote for annexation for the need of naval bases to protect the world trade. A letter brought questioning to many Americans if a severe fight between the Philippines and United States was worth the expansion because of the idea of imperialism. Each source shows different points of views on how larger nations gave to the smaller colonies. Social and cultural changes led many in the U.S. to conclude at the time had come for the country to assert its power beyond the borders. American Imperialism was justified because of the overabundance of modern merchandise that drove the United States to search for entrance and venture into worldwide markets which were essential in making it a World Power. As the United States’ empire started to be advanced, leaders and officials led the nation in a burst of overseas expansion in which it acquired Hawaii, the Philippines, Puerto Rico etc. The way to sustain prosperity was to find foreign markets for U.S. goods. Beveridge compared the Philippines colonization to U.S. westward expansion across North America and argued that Filipinos were a child-like and savage race incapable of self-governance. The American imperialism was important for the urge to fulfill United States’ destiny–as a world power by colonizing, looking for fresh land to conquer in which opening new markets, was a favorable balance of trade, and make exports exceed imports, sought to expand foreign markets. Development was the principal center of American Imperialism justification, which ought to enable the United States to pick up much benefit as could reasonably be expected. This brought about the advancement of new items and administrations, as well as in different nations–this had powered financial development. As innovations expanded, the American homesteads and manufacturing plants creations were significantly more than American natives could expand. The government saw the remote exchange as the solution for American over creation. In any case, this thought of exchange likewise brought problems as the main path for trade products among the US and different countries. The larger part through overcoming those countries that were self-administered or even under control by different countries (the Philippines and Spain). However, the Filipinos felt sold out when the U.S. took control of their country and wound up irate. Indeed, regardless of what the Filipinos felt the Americans would not like to abandon them to self-administer, on the grounds that they since a long time after a short time have strife and botch over there more unfortunate than Spain’s wars. Concerning numerous Americans, this thought of development brought riches however for a couple brought demise, as wars caused the passing of numerous soldiers in every country. To the extent the entire needs were concerned, they requested that the wrongdoing (mercilessness battling the Philippines) ought to be ceased and that America could wipe out the disgraceful nation. To be a world power, United States needed to have land beyond its borders (expansion) that the Americans could control. On the time whilst in all the different countries the public economic system become subjected to deep changes in the outcome of the warfare, showing itself mainly in the decline of money, excessive cost of residing—America had not the simplest now not suffered from the struggle, but at the opposite the country had gained by way of it and became during that time World Power. Having increase sources, and a few strategic positioning of colonies better exchange and raise the American financial system. Which kind of along the lines takes place the Manifest Destiny, colonizing overseas lands brought about the United States spreading its wealth, have an effect on and lifestyle overseas. Imperialism turned into a key aspect in creating an extra civil overseas human. Even in changes in the recent past events the imperialistic developments likewise had a worldwide effect that emerged between countries like wars that made an endeavor at holding their opportunity. In the long run, these wars were a factor in the foundations for WWI. But this event to the counter colonialist contention that America shouldn’t administer individuals without their assent, by expressing that freedom gets its power from the assent of the administered, just by those equipped for self-government. It contrasted with Indians enable Americans to administer without an assent and parents likewise oversee over their youngsters without their assent. America should spare them from countries as opposed to giving them self-run of catastrophe. Much like a youngster who needs direction (government). With conflicts, outside and within the borders of US, imperialism remains justified more than a century later as it could become the World Power in the past and present. How to cite After the Civil War, Papers

Symptom Cluster and Management

Question: Discuss about theSymptom Cluster and Management. Answer: Introduction Human body is complicated and is still a mystery to mankind. 70 percent of human body is yet to discover. With the world running on smart path, diseases are also prevalent and has been creating resistance in human life. Deadly diseases are one of major cause to worry. Lots of research and resources are used to cure diseases. Diseases like cancer comes with multiple symptoms and dealing with these symptom is itself a painful and tedious work. Symptoms are the purpose that patients seek health care. Indications of illness are foremost reason to worry. Many people are in dilemma as if they are doing right thing and their planning for symptom management strategies are appropriate and their result would be effective. Symptom cluster can be defined as three or more concurrent symptoms that are related to each other. (Miaskowski ,Paul 2001). If symptom control management is not fulfilled frequently individuals value of life is adversely affected. It is also difficult situation for health care provider to develop symptom management strategies that can be applied in the serious care of a patient. Patients with serious illness has to bear more than one symptoms at a time. The majority of clinical studies associated with pain, fatigue and depression are focused on one symptom. Although it is important to continue to focus on one symptom but with serious diseases symptom cluster is common and it lead to complications. Research in symptom cluster is although an at infant stage. (Christine, Marylin 2004). Though the researches have been done but advance management needs more specific studies and technology to deal with symptom cluster. Symptom management can be more effective with trained and advance nurses. Managing symptom is core business for palliative care. One of the main work done by nurses are to take care of symptoms which can be physical, mental and spiritual. Working with patients on daily basis, nurses are trained to assess and monitor pain that patients are in regard to their care and management. An effective symptom care management includes proper study of symptoms, efficient nurses and advance technology. People suffering from cancer also goes through psychological and social distress. So palliative care is one of the important area to understand in management of symptom management and can be effective evidence supporting symptom management. Palliative care is a team approach to comfort patients with the serious and life threatening illness. The approach aims to create a blanket of support for patients who are suffering from serious and incurable illness. WHO defines Palliative care as, an approach that seeks to improve the quality of the life of individual patients and their families facing life limiting associated problems. It received appreciation as a specialty area after World health Organisation (WHO) published a definition of palliative care in 1990. Complete model of care that last throughout the course of illness regardless of outcome is the motive of this approach. Active palliative care needs a vast and cumulative methodology that includes the family and makes use of available assets. Different age group patient needs care in different ways. So age specific palliative care is one of the important points to be kept in consideration while providing palliative care to a patient. Nursing care with the palliative approach has been successful in recent years. Palliative care team consists of paediatrics, nurses, social workers and councillors. It makes a holistic approach to help the child to live his remaining life with dignity and ease. The approach can be more effective if nurses are provided with training. (Bertero ,2002) The hindrance in successful caregiving has been observed at many places, especially in developing countries. Positive care for patient, understanding of disease and death by the patient and effective application of technology are really helpful for patient and their family. Home care also affect the palliative care method positively. The palliative paediatric care focus not only painless death but also helps patients to make peace with his physical condition. Symptom management and palliative care can be effective for patients with cancer. In this assignment we are discussing symptom management of cancer patients. People suffering from cancer brawl with the physical and emotional effects of their illness and treatment. The whole journey of illness comes with pain, nausea anxiety and other symptoms resulting into difficult life style. Symptom management of cancer patients is itself a challenging job. Patients experience a number of signs as a result of their disease. The treatment process also results into variety of symptoms effecting lifestyle.These symptoms are major problems for patients and their family. This can effect to the quality of life of patient and family. Research on symptom clusters in patients with cancer is cutting edge technology. National cancer institute spend a lot on caner symptom management research. The study of symptom clusters in patients with cancer represents a new frontline in symptom management research. A firm commitment is needed to provide the financial as well as the infrastructure, support to conduct research on the occurrence of assessment of and intervention for pain, fatigue and depression either a single symptom or symptom cluster. (Miaskowski, Paul 2001). Evidence based management assimilates profound scientific findings with clinical skill, knowledge of pathophysiology, psychological details and decision making inclinations of patients. Patients with evidence management can help patients safety. Guide Lines for Cancer Health Care Challenges It has been seen that oncology nursing workforce has been disappearing. There is need of trained working nurses. Different kind of barrier like lack of scientific knowledge, conflict research results, lack of supervision and theory to practice have created problems for efficient symptom management. To overcome these barriers different task can be prepared. Involvement of colleagues, establishment of plan with the boss, information and feedback are major areas to work on. We are going to discuss a case study of a man Mr Carter aged 70 suffering from lungs cancer. His medical history shows that he was a chain smoker with 30 packs a day. He used to take alcohol on daily basis for minimum thirty years. On July 12, 2007 Mr. Carter showed some symptoms. It includes constant coughing and it get worse day by day. Blood is excluded while coughing. Mr. Carter felt chest pain , tiredness, and could not breathe properly. He was experiencing shortness of breath. The patient started to lose appetite and gradually started to lose weight. (MedlinePlus, 1999) He started to feel problem in breathing while wheezing. He was tired and weak. His daily life was affected. The patient required medical attention and was test for hemoptysis and chest x-ray. He was understanding and supportive with the nurses and other medical csre giver. He was given the knowledge of lobectomy. (Rodger M. Bruce R.N., 2008). After lobectomy patient was feeling better. In this case the patient required lobectomy but also required radiation therapy. Mr Carters body is still recovering the cancer tissues. He still feels ill and weak. He withdraws himself from the family by not participating in family affairs. He could not enjoy sport activities and indoor games. Patient still does not have appetite for any kind of food but he is trying to eat to gain some energy. He feels helpless and demotivated. He feels irritated every time. His wife tries to help him to come out and want to provide him care. But he does not like it also. He was feeling unwanted because he couldnot do any work at home. Home care giver was appointed and symptom management was provided to Mr Carter. It helped him to develop better understanding of his illness and helped him to make peace with his physical condition. Appointment with nurses and therapist made him better and easy to live his life. After evidence based symptom management program his appointment with the doctor was better. He mentioned that he feels better and more energized. He can change his clothes and takes bathe. He would take rest frequently during his daily activities. Hence it is concluded that palliative care is an important part of symptom management and has both direct and indirect effect of patients and his family. Cluster symptom management has helped nurses across the globe for better understanding of disease related symptoms References Bertero. C. (November 2002, District nurses perceptions of Palliative care in the home, American Journal of Hospice and palliative care, vol 19. Jennifer K, Clark,MD, and Karen. F ( 2015 ) ,Young adult Palliative Care: challenges and opportunities ,American Journal of Hospice, vol 32. "Lung Cancer: Cancer of the Lungs." Merck Manual Home Edition.1995-2008. 29 Miaskowski,C.Dodd, M (2004). Symptom clusters :The New Frontier in symptom Management research. Rodger M. Bruce R.N. "WHISSL - Worldwide Health Information System Simulation Walshe C, Luker K.A, (2010) District nurses role in Palliative care provision, International Journal of nursing studies (1178).

Heart of Darkness Parallels free essay sample

Apocalypse Now is a movie directed by Francis Coppola came out in 1979. It is set at the height of the Vietnam War. U. S. Army Captain Willard is sent on a top secret mission into the jungles of Cambodia. His mission is to seek out and destroy Colonel Kurtz, who is believed to have gone completely insane. The novel Heart of Darkness and the movie Apocalypse Now have many parallels. Both works follow the same story line but presented in completely different contexts. Even though Apocalypse Now is based upon the book, there are still many differences in themes, characters, and events. The largest of these differences is the setting and time of the two works. While watching Apocalypse Now the viewer is able to observe many scenes that are similar with the novel Heart of Darkness. One of the most apparent of these scenes is when the natives attack the men on the boats. We will write a custom essay sample on Heart of Darkness Parallels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After the attack Coppola and Conrad both use fog to show the uncertainty the characters have in regards to completing their tasks. The men in the novel begin to randomly shoot into the jungle once the attack begins. They are unable to see their attackers so they are shooting completely blind. After the attack is over a large cloud of smoke from the men’s guns floating in front of the boat. Marlow then continues to lead the men of the boat blindly up the Congo River. In Apocalypse Now after the attack by the natives, a fog also surrounds the boat. In the movie the fog is used to represents Willard’s thoughts. Captain Willard is not sure whether what he is doing is worthwhile. He has no idea what he is getting himself into; one of his men has just died without even knowing the purpose of his mission. The fog in both stories is used to represent the leader’s uncertainty of their missions. In both Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness madness is represented during the attack. In the novel the Helmsman goes crazy and in the novel Chief is the character that succumbs to madness. In Heart of Darkness when the natives attack the boat the Helmsman begins to go crazy, jumping up and down going absolutely mad during the attack, acting like a complete animal. He begins shaking his empty rifle and screaming at the men on the shore he is unable to see. In the movie, Chief begins to go mad when he realizes that not even Willard knows the location of where they are headed. When the boat is to be attacked by the natives with harmless arrows the Chief goes absolutely absurd. Screaming at the shores completely exposing himself to his attackers. A huge mistake because as soon as Chief exposes himself a spear that turns out to be deadly hits him. There are many parallels between the novel Heart of Darkness and the movie Apocalypse Now. Throughout the entire movie there are scenes that are nearly identical to the novel. During the attack seen parallels with fog and madness can be seen in both Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness.

Top 100 Most-Used German Words

Top 100 Most-Used German Words Have you ever wondered what the top 500, 1,000 or 10,000 German words were? If you need to learn German vocabulary, which words should you learn first? Which ones are most frequently used? The Projekt Deutscher Wortschatz at the Universitt Leipzig scanned texts and included variations of the same word, including capitalization versus lower case and other possible forms of any particular word. The definite article (the) appears in all of its German variations: der/Der, die/Die, den, etc. The verb to be appears in all of its conjugated forms: ist, sind, war, sei, etc. Even the new and old spellings of dass/daß are considered two different words. The Leipzig researchers noted that if one were to select different text sources for analysis, one would get different results. An analysis of the vocabulary found in a novel versus that in a comic book or a newspaper would not be similar. Obviously, an analysis of spoken German would also yield different results.   Here are charts showing the top 100 most-used German words, and one showing the top 30 most-spoken German words. Students of German 101 should get familiar with these words and their forms. Top 100 German Words  Edited and Ranked by Frequency of Use Rank German English 1 der (den, dem, des) the m. 2 die (der, den) the f. 3 und and 4 in (im) in, into (in the) 5 von (vom) of, from 6 zu (zum, zur) to; at; too 7 das (dem, des) the n. 8 mit with 9 sich himself, itself, yourself 10 auf on 11 fr for 12 ist (sein, sind, war, sei, etc.) is 13 nicht not 14 ein (eine, einen, einer, einem, eines) a, an 15 als as, than, when 16 auch also, too 17 es it 18 an (am/ans) to, at, by 19 werden (wurde, wird) become, get 20 aus from, out of 21 er he, it 22 hat (haben, hatte, habe) has/have 23 dass / da that 24 sie she, it; they 25 nach to, after 26 bei at, by 27 um around, at 28 noch still, yet 29 wie as, how 30 ber about, over, via 31 so so, such, thus 32 Sie you (formal) 33 nur only 34 oder or 35 aber but 36 vor (vorm, vors) before, in front of; of 37 bis by, until 38 mehr more 39 durch by, through 40 man one, they 41 Prozent (das) percent 42 kann (knnen, konnte, etc.) be able, can 43 gegen against; around 44 schon already 45 wenn if, when 46 sein (seine, seinen, etc.) his 47 Mark (Euro) Mark (Euro) currency 48 ihre/ihr her, their 49 dann then 50 unter under, among 51 wir we 52 soll (sollen, sollte, etc.) should, ought to 53 ich I (personal pronoun) 54 Jahr (das, Jahren, Jahres, etc.) year 55 zwei two 56 diese (dieser, dieses, etc.) this, these 57 wieder again 58 Uhr Most frequently used as oclock in telling time. 59 will (wollen, willst, etc.) wants 60 zwischen between 61 immer always 62 Millionen (eine Million) millions 63 was what 64 sagte (sagen, sagt) said (say, says) 65 gibt (es gibt; geben) gives 66 alle all, everyone 67 seit since 68 muss (mssen) must 69 doch but, nevertheless, after all 70 jetzt now 71 drei three 72 neue (neu, neuer, neuen, etc.) new 73 damit with it/that; by that; because of that; so that 74 bereits already 75 da since, because 76 ab off, away; exit 77 ohne without 78 sondern but rather 79 selbst myself, himself 80 ersten (erste, erstes, etc.) first 81 nun now; then; well? 82 etwa about, approximately; for instance 83 heute today, nowadays 84 weil because 85 ihm to/for him 86 Menschen (der Mensch) people 87 Deutschland (das) Germany 88 anderen (andere, anderes, etc.) other(s) 89 rund approximately, about 90 ihn him 91 Ende (das) end 92 jedoch nevertheless 93 Zeit (die) time 94 uns us 95 Stadt (die) city, town 96 geht (gehen, ging, etc.) goes 97 sehr very 98 hier here 99 ganz entire(ly), complete(ly), whole(ly) 100 Berlin (das) Berlin Top 30 Words in Spoken German Rank German English 1 ich I 2 das the; that (one) neuter 3 die the f. 4 ist is 5 nicht not 6 ja yes 7 du you 8 der the m. 9 und and 10 sie she, they 11 so so, thus 12 wir we 13 was what 14 noch still, yet 15 da there, here; since, because 16 mal times; once 17 mit with 18 auch also, too 19 in in, into 20 es it 21 zu to; at; too 22 aber but 23 habe / hab (I) have 24 den the 25 eine a, an fem. indefinite article 26 schon already 27 man one, they 28 doch but, nevertheless, after all 29 war was 30 dann the

Managing teams effectively Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managing teams effectively - Essay Example An obstructionist or a toxic group member is usually an individual who methodically and systematically impedes and blocks the progress of a project (Holpp, 1098). Hence, team leadership essentially involves the talent and the ability to deal with all forms of members in a team, be it the slackers or an obstructionist. As per the existing knowledge and theories of team management, the best way to deal with a slacker or an obstructionist is to follow a mixed approach, which aims at confronting the inherent propensities of such people, to bring them out into the open, while accompanied by soft tactics like acknowledging one’s best qualities and by motivating one to contribute to team effort (Holpp, 1998). Such a hot and cold approach towards the personality types under consideration is bound to yield the desired results, because of its moderation and versatility (Holpp, 1998). A slacker shirks responsibility or work does not mean that one is devoid of talent, skills, insight or a ptitude. So, simply speaking, a slacker stands to be a potential asset for a team if somehow one figures out a way to make one work (Holpp, 1988). Usually a slacker tends to avoid or by pass responsibility because one has a perception that the other team members are not consciously aware of one’s tactics of or predilection for doing so (Holpp, 1998). So the most effective way to disarm a slacker is to confront one and make one realize that the others are well cognizant of one’s talent for shirking work. However, confrontation here does not connote to aggressive or brazen interactions. In fact it means making a slacker realize that in a friendly and decent way, while giving one a chance to save face. A slacker is a talented person who cheats on work, and once one realizes that others are well aware of one’s propensity to cheat, one will certainly avoid repeating such a behavior, at least conspicuously (Holpp, 1998). Bringing things out into the open should be acc ompanied by meaningful soft strategies like defining the job responsibility of a slacker, appreciating one for one’s abilities and the immense contribution one could make to the team, allocating one short term targets with chalked out deadlines and the like. On the contrary, if a slacker continues to cheat even when one is revealed, then this calls for a timely disciplinary action. One way or other, sooner or later, a slacker will have to be confronted. There is no other way out, or is there? The team is bound to lose or face unrest if it indefinitely allows a member to be a non performer (Holpp, 1998). When it comes to an obstructionist, they are the team members who stymie projects while strongly believing that their stratagems are not obvious to other team members (Holpp, 1998). Again, bringing things out into the open by confronting an obstructionist is the best possible way to desist one. However, such a confrontation is bound to fail if not accompanied by a revelation o f the strategy and modus operandi of an obstructionist, as it will give one a chance to deny charges (Holpp, 1998). There are many ways in which an obstructionist operates. Some tend to withhold the information required by a team to succeed. There are others who bring in an element of aggression and controversy in the group meetings to mislead a team from its real objectives. Then there come obstructionists who play on resources by allocating resources to

Was it a mistake for Hitler to allow German forces to venture into the Research Paper

Was it a mistake for Hitler to allow German forces to venture into the Mediterranean regions - Research Paper Example It was not famous for the bad defeat the Americans faced there. It was far better to lose in this way at the beginning of the engagement then later in the decisive days of the campaign. The truth is that what the American army learned in this loss helped them immeasurably to improve their command structure and strategy when dealing with the Germans later on. This led Hitler and the Germans to underestimate the Americans too. The truth was always that Hitler saw the Mediterranean as a diversion (Murray, 108). And that it is what it was—something that distracted him from what he should have been doing, a mistake. Although many see Eisenhower as the most towering figure to come out from the victories of North Africa, two other Allied generals also made their name in that dusty theatre of war. The first of these two men, General Patton, was able to take control over one of the main American armies after the battle of the Kasserine Pass and to use it to maximum advantage. Patton wa s well known for driving his men hard and also for his iron discipline. The second famous general of this part of the conflict was the British general Bernard Montgomery, who became famous at the battle of El Alamein, one of the decisive victory of the North African theatre. These men gained the confidence in this theatre that they would later use to crush the Germans (Murray, 2002).

Market Analysis for Buffet Restaurant

Market Analysis for Buffet Restaurant The creation of a unique, innovative, entertaining, mid scale atmosphere that will differentiate us from the competition. The highest quality food is unbelievably low prices in a clean, fun environment. Controlling costs at all times, in all areas. Hiring the best people available, training, motivating and encouraging them, and thereby retaining the friendliest, most efficient staff possible. Section II: Business description Mission: We want our guests to have the total experience when visiting Enjoy with us. Not only will our guests receive a great meal, they will also be provided with a fun atmosphere. We will be doing unique things (such as serving all you can eat) that will set us apart from the competition. We will want the dining experience to be as pleasing to the senses as it is to the palate. Our main focus will be serving quality food at a great value. We will feature a large selection of freshly prepared food, most in full view of our guests. The purpose is service that customer satisfaction is paramount. Particularly, we want to be the restaurant of choice for everyone: families and singles, young and old, male or female. On the other hand, employee welfare will be important to our success. We want our employee to feel a part of the success of Enjoy with us. Happy employees make happy guests. Similarly, we will combine menu variety, atmosphere, ambiance, and friendly staff to create a sense of place in order to reach our goal of overall value in entertainment experience. Why do we think tourists come our shop? First of all, as we know, Singapore is a country includes 3 national (India, Chinese, and Malaysia). So, this reason is very comfortable to attract travelers come to Singapore. We think when they travel to Singapore; they want to try traditional food in this country surely. Consequently, we will decide to business Buffet restaurant. With Buffet restaurant, customer can try 3 kinds of food of 3 different national easily. Secondly, we would like to open this restaurant called Enjoy with us!!!. This means when customers come with us, they can enjoy their taste by themselves wholeheartedly. Lastly, we choose our business in Sentosa because this place is most tourists will come during their tour surely. It will take place around 1,000 square meters and totally designed to reflect and describe all kinds of food in 3 national. Our short term goal is to catch people interested and slowly gain market share from other restaurant. Our long term goal is to be well known in the world. This means when people talk about restaurant in Singapore, they will think about our restaurant immediately. Start up fund: S$5 Million investment As we know, Sentosa is an icon of Singapore, so the rental will be very expensive (around S$300,000). Moreover, our business is new, so we need to use about 10% of the budget cost to build our brand name (around S$500,000). Furthermore, this restaurant business plan is prepared to obtain financing for the initial launch of this concept. The financing is required to begin work on kitchen design, architectural plans, manuals and recipe books, site selection, equipment purchases, and to cover expenses in the first year of business (around S$2,000,000). In addition to the capital contributions, it will allow buffet restaurant to successfully open and maintain operations through year one. On the other hand, concentration will be on maintaining quality and establishing a strong identity in each local market. Similarly, we also need to pay management fees and salaries to staff (around S$900,000 for first year). Besides that, we need to require cash and long term asset (around S$1,000,000). Consequently, our business will need about S$5 million. Section III: Marketing A. Research and analysis: Target market (customer) identified: In looking at our market analysis, we have defined the following groups as targeted segments. Below are our targeted market segments: Age: Seniors, young married couples with children, teenagers, citizens. (Especially foreigners) Gender: we will equally target both sexes. Income: We will appeal to the high side of low income individuals and to all in the middle income bracket. By our definition, we will have very broad appeal for our concept. It is our goal to be the restaurant of choice for the largest dining audience in Asia and Europe. Singapore has more than 10 millions tourism arrivals in 2008. With the number of tourism arrival to Singapore like that, this condition has advantage to our business. Furthermore, with our restaurants seating almost 400 people, however, we hope it will have an average of 300 customers everyday for the first year and to grow 20% each year. It is our goal to have something for everyone everyday on our menu. Particularly, we need to maintain our loyalty as we should focus on their changing needs and menu choices. Besides that, our lunch strategy is dual purposed. As we know, some kinds people do not have lunch time, from that reason, we want to keep the price point at lunch as low as possible to keep us in competition with fast food restaurant. Not only do our guests get a sandwich, drink, and fries but also a salad, dessert and a selection of hot food items. On the other hand, we can reduce the hot food assortment from dinner; we will be able to keep our food cost in line with the reduced price. Consequently, we think this is a strategy that will broaden our customer base at lunch while still maintaining our core market segment. 2) Market needs: Our business is Buffet restaurant, so we think we need to focus on: Seeks strong value. Wants variety and flavor in its food. Looks for speed of service. Wants an entertaining dining experience. Insists upon a clean, friendly, and attractive dining environment. 3) Competitive advantages: As we know, Singapore is a country which attract tourists come and travel. Furthermore, they want to spend leisure time. This factor contributed to the large demand for good restaurant in Singapore today. From that reasons, the competition is strong. Due to intense competition, our restaurant must look for ways to differentiate their place in order to achieve and maintain a competitive advantage. a) Competitive comparison: In competing against the casual theme restaurant, we will have the following advantages: Lower price point for a complete meal. There will be no tipping at Enjoy with us, we are self service. Speed of service: no waiting for food. Everything will be readily available: hot, fresh, and cooked as requested. We will provide more entertainment than our competition. There will be something for everyone, everyday of the week. There will be no confusing menu board when guests arrive at our restaurant. We have made it simple: one price, everything included b) Technology: we will invest in a high speed computer to provide a fast and comfortable connection to link to our cash registers. We will also order online, email, and have a Web page. B. Marketing plan: 1) Market strategy sales and distribution: Our main focus in marketing will be to increase customer awareness in the surrounding community. We will direct all of our tactics and programs toward the goal of explaining who we are and what we are all about. We will price our products fairly, keep our standards high. Price strategy: All menu items are moderately priced. Sales strategy: The sales strategy is to build and open new locations on schedule in order to increase revenue. 2) Pricing and opening hours: Buffet Breakfast (6.00 am to 11.00am, Mon to Sun) : Adults $20, Child $10 Buffet Lunch (12.00 noon to 2.30pm, Mon to Sun): Adults $ 30, Child $ 15 Buffet Dinner (6.30 pm to 5.30 pm, Mon to Sat) : Adults $ 40, Child $ 25 Especially Buffet (6.30 pm to 11.00 pm) : Adults $ 50, Child $30 Note: Child = 5-12 years old. Free for accompanied child under 5 years old. All prices subject to 10% service charge and 7% GST. Prices subject to change. Our business includes: Buffet Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner. Particularly, we have 1 special service that always serves every Sunday. This service will free flow of soft drinks juices, draft beer and selected wines and champagne. 3) Advertising and promotion: Our business is new, so we need to have a good marketing plan to compete with them. Im going to use 10% of the budget cost which is 1/2 million to build our brand name. You will see our advertising everywhere, on television, on train, on the bus and news paper and also in the magazine of Singapore airlines, Tiger airways, Jetstar airlines. Website is not very important as we dont provide online purchase but we should have a nicely designed web to let people can do a research Enjoy with us!!! Leaflets will be given at all MRTs for 1 working day from 5pm to 6 pm; this is the most crowded time when people are going home after works. Particularly, in Singapore, they trade so many restaurants. Consequently, let to our business for advantages, we will have strategy as: Does not have the widest variety of food but everything here is of great quality. Free flow of fresh fruit juice, e.g. mango, pink guava, apple juices; self serve from bottles chilled in crushed ice. To-die-for desserts and pastries youd wish you had 2 stomachs! Always give promotion and discount on weekend days or holidays. Always change and prepare different kinds of food. It will make interesting in customer. They can come again and again. Section IV: Operations Quality food: fresh food, home style care. Variety, Variety, Variety: A different menu for everyday of the week will feature. Self service: Every new guest will receive a guided tour explaining our concept and the self serve system. Friendly employees: our employees will be ringing dinner bells when fresh foods come out. Furthermore, we will dress uniform that our customers can organize us easily. Reduced dinner pricing: on Monday Thursday, the dinner price will be slightly lower than on Fri/Sat/Sun. On the other hand, our principal owner will offer outside ownership in Enjoy with us!!! on an equity, debt, or combination basis in order to facilitate the start up and growth of our restaurant. Start up: Kitchen design Architecture plans Training: this will cover training of employees and management as well as cleaning and organizing the restaurant to opening. Manuals/Handbooks/Recipes. Building/ Land/ Equipment: we can build from ground up or we can do conversions from existing or close restaurants. Number of staffs: 10 managers, 5 securities, 15 waitresses, 5 bartenders, 2 receptionists, 2 cashiers, 3 chef, 5 cook helper. Location and facilities: Sentosa is the best place to open this kind of business because traveler can discover our shop easier and they can enjoy easily. With this location, we can attract customer from oversea and also citizen. They can come our restaurant on weekend to relax. Proximity to supplies: Supply can get from Malaysia, China, India directly or intermediary in Singapore. Access to transportation: Transport of foods and materials by sea or plane. Moreover, we need to have warehouse storage to hold foods and materials. Section V: Management A. Management team: As our restaurant is small business, it requires a simple organizational structure. Implementation of this organization to make all of the major management decisions in addition to monitoring all other business activities Management Team Legal structure stock agreement, employment agreements, ownership: Carefully to partnership or corporation. Need to follow legal about business in Singapore. Need to clear about employment agreement, stock agreement. C. Board of directors, advisers, consultants: Board of director is the principal owner. They will offer outside ownership in Enjoy with us!!! to improve our restaurant. Section VI: Financial A. Financial plan: Sales: our restaurant will open on 1/1/2011. Cost of goods sold: The cost of goods sold was determined by taking actual Profit and Loss statements from various restaurant concepts and then using our pricing structure and guest counts to arrive at costs. Marketing Fees: these funds will be used for the production of various marketing materials. Advertising: these funds will be used to maintain our sales at projected levels. Management Fees: we will use these dollars for accounting and payroll services of our firm. Fixed and Variable Expensed: The various fixed and variable expenses were determined by taking actual numbers from restaurant. B. Important assumption: We assume a strong economy, without a major recession. We assume, of course, that there are no unforeseen changes in consumers tastes or interests to make our concept less competitive. C. Financial forecast: Because our budget is $5 millions. So we can calculate below: 1) Break even analysis: Variable costs: 25% Cost of goods sold : $1,250,000 17% Employee payroll : $ 850,000 0.25% Credit card charges : $ 12,500 0.33% marketing fees : $ 16,500 2% Management fees : $ 100,000 10% Advertising : $ 500,000 2% Management bonus : $100,000 3.03% Employee payroll taxes and benefits: $151,500 1.5% Paper and cleaning : $ 75.000 61.11% Total variable costs : $3,055,500 Annual fixed costs $170,000 Management salaries $37,000 Management payroll taxes and benefits $16,410 Group insurance $137,000 Controllable expenses minus credit card charges and paper/ cleaning $40,208 Other expenses minus marketing fees, advertising, and management fees $100,000 Depreciation $500,000 Rental $1,000,618 Total fixed costs Start up asset: Cash required : $ 200,000 Long term asset : $ 700,000 Total asset : $ 900,000 Total requirements = Total variable cost + Total fixed cost + Total asset = $3,055,500 + $1,000,618 + $900,000 = $4,956,118 2) Profit and Loss: With an estimate of 300 customers everyday and to grow 20% each year (1.67% per month), lets say 1 customer will spend at least $40. We can see profit and loss account below: From profit and loss table, we can see: Payback period = Y + A/B YÂÂ  = the number ofÂÂ  years before final payback year. In the example, Y = 5 years.ÂÂ   AÂÂ  = Total remaining to be paid back at the start of the payback year, to bring cumulative cash flow to 0,ÂÂ  A = $4,956,118 ($145,747 + $427,447 + $765,487 + $1,171,135 + $1,657,913) = $788,389 BÂÂ  = Total (net) paid back in the entire payback year. B = $2,242,046 So, payback period = 5 + $788,389/$2,242,046 = 5.35 years or 5 years and 4 months In conclusion, our business will take back our capital after 5 years and 4 months. Section VII: Critical risks 1) Challenges: Because our business will be opened in Singapore which attracts different countries come and enjoy. Our challenges will service many kinds people and always have to make them comfortable and enjoy themselves when they come our restaurant. Consequently, we always need to update new ideas and try to have a good service. On the other hand, our purpose wants to make earn lots of money; we need to overcome challenges to have a good business 2) Risks and Contingency: Potential risks Trigger Contingency plan Food Related Lawsuits Our restaurant can be sued after a customer becomes after eating and contracting a food borne illness. Safe handling of food is an important priority for our restaurant. Liquor Liability If we serve beer, wine or other liquor. Need to test quality before sale products. Be sure we are protected from lawsuits resulting from alcohol related incidents. Property Risks Operating a restaurant often includes considerable equipment, building improvements and food stock. We need to buy insurance Price Need to cutting by competitors With Competitors, they will do anything to survive. So we always need to control the price. Number of customer Our plan needs 300 customer/day. Maybe, number of customer will not come enough. In this case, our management team will sit back to find out the reason. It could be caused by price or our marketing program was not effective, or it may be customer-service problems. Delay to complete the business plan When we will plan, maybe time for activities will be delayed This risk is very important. It directly affects all other progresses of the business. Production manager will be aware of this to make sure the chance of this risk equals to zero. Kitchen and electrical fire Overloaded or malfunctioning electrical equipment is a particular risk for our restaurant. Prevention is our best insurance! Be sure that we have appropriate fire suppression systems in place and maintained. Insurance companies typically require that our heat producing cooking equipment, particularly grease sources (fryers, grills, ranges), have aÂÂ  wet chemical fire suppression system and vent hood overhead. Section VIII: Harvest strategy segment Marketing strategy: Advertising is still word of mouth Promotion strategy: 3 different marketing tactics: Word of mouth/ in store marketing. Local Store Marketing (LSM) Local media Positioning Statement: It will be to increase customer awareness in the surrounding community. Pricing strategy: All menu items are moderately priced. Sales Strategy: the sales strategy is to build and open new locations on schedule in order to increase revenue. Sales forecast: opening day for our store is scheduled on 1st January, 2011. Section X: References Book: Federick, Howard (2006). Entrepreneurship: theory, process, and practice. Australia: Michael Tully. p.p.269 276. Website: Anon. (2010). Is your Restaurant a safe Investment? Available: http://www.quoteaustininsurance.com/pages/home/restaurant.php. Last accessed 3th May 2010. Anon. (2010). Singapore Tourism Board. Available: https://app.stb.gov.sg/asp/index.asp. Last accessed 3th May 2010. Anon. (2010). My tax portal. Available: https://mytax.iras.gov.sg/ESVWeb/default.aspx. Last accessed 3th May 2010. Anon. (2010). Which is the Best Buffet in Singapore?. Available: http://www.etour-singapore.com/buffet-in-singapore.html. Last accessed 3th May 2010.

Ict In Schools A Means For Transforming Teaching Education Essay

The application of Information and Communications Technology ( ICT ) in schools is perceived as a agency for transforming instruction and acquisition procedure, and has therefore been met with important enthusiasm. The underdeveloped universe besides perceives ICT as a tool that will advance socio-economic, political, and sustainable development and as portion of the nucleus of instruction, aboard reading, composing and numeracy. This perceptual experience is emphasized in schools in Ghana. Students and students can make their prep on the cyberspace, because such services and installations exist on the cyberspace. The cyberspace can besides ease high quality instruction in the schoolroom every bit good as enrich the learning accomplishments of instructors. Harmonizing to Griffiths ( 1999 ) , in most underdeveloped states, though information engineering has been introduced, it is non to the full incorporated. In Ghana, witting attempts are being made by authorities to distribute the usage of information engineering in all sectors. As a consequence, the authorities of Ghana has passed a policy ( ICT for Accelerated Development ) to defend the class in advancing information and communications engineering in Ghana. In the ICT for Accelerated Development Policy, it stated that â€Å" policy attempts shall be directed at utilizing ICTs to ease system of E-learning and E-education every bit good as life-long acquisition within the population at big † .1.2 Statement of the ProblemIn order to accomplish the aims of the new educational reform ( 2007 ) and ICT4AD policy of the state, coachs and pupils should be encouraged to develop involvement in the usage of ICT Tools such as Web Based Learning ( WBL ) Tools to heighten instruction and a cquisition of the class. This is premier exampled by the manner coachs and pupils of Konongo-Odumase Senior High School abandon the usage of WBL Tools. The coachs and pupils are supposed to take advantage of WBL Tools to heighten instruction and larning yet as it is now, they do n't. It is as a consequence of this job that, the research worker seeks to utilize the WBL tools to better instruction and acquisition.1.3 Purpose of the StudyThe chief intent of this survey is to better instruction and acquisition of ICT in Konongo-Odumase Senior High School. This intent is intended to be achieved by look intoing into the non use of WBL Tools. The information gathered will assist convey out intercessions that would better instruction and acquisition of ICT through the usage of WBL. Specifically, this survey is aimed at: Use appropriate methods to heighten pupils understanding during ICT lessons. Use immediate feedback to pupils to actuate them to analyze the topic. Monitoring pupil ‘s public presentation through WBL Tools. Keeping the involvement of both coachs and pupils in the instruction and larning procedure by utilizing an easy manner of accessing information.1.4 Research QuestionsHow will you utilize WBL to assist actuate pupils to go active in the survey of ICT? What method of learning will outdo aid to better instruction and acquisition? To what extent would the given of immediate feedback to pupils actuate them to analyze ICT? Is it utile for instructors to utilize WBL Tools to learn? How will the pupils develop involvement in the class?1.5 Significance of the StudyThe result of this survey would convey to bare the importance of WBL to schools and other affected establishments in general. It will assist make a more efficient mechanization for the modern-day coach to student instruction and acquisition procedure. It is hoped that this survey will convey to bare the demand for WBL Tools and sharing of resources with the schools with connectivity.1.6 Restriction of the StudyIn malice of all the attempts put into the survey by the research worker, the research was saddled with the following jobs, which were possible reverse that influenced the concluding consequence. Not all the questionnaires administered were responded and returned. Time restraints in footings of limited periods to subject the long essay and other immaterial factors facilitated the choosing of Konongo-Odumase Senior High School. Some respondent intentionally or out ignorance gave inaccurate responses. Some respondents were hard to be interviewed due to their heavy agendas therefore the figure interviewed was smaller than anticipated.1.7 Boundary line of the StudyAll pupils in all secondary schools in Ghana offer ICT as a topic. However, this survey is narrowed down in range to fiscal and clip restraints. It hence confined itself to merely first twelvemonth pupils and a few coachs.Chapter TwoLiterature ReviewDefinition of Web-Based DirectionKhan ( 1997 ) defines Web-Based Instruction ( WBI ) as: â€Å" †¦ a hypermedia-based instructional plan which utilizes the properties and resources of the World Wide Web to make a meaningful acquisition environment where acquisition is fostered and supported. † Relan and Gillami ( 1997a ) define WBI as: â€Å" †¦ the application of a repertory of cognitively oriented instructional schemes within a constructivist and collaborative acquisition environment, using the properties and resources of the World Wide Web. † Web-Based Instruction, besides called Web-Based Training, is defined by Clark ( 1996 ) as: â€Å" Individualized direction delivered over public or private computing machine webs and displayed by a Web browser. WBT is non downloaded CBT, but instead on-demand preparation stored in a waiter and accessed across a web. Web-based preparation can be updated really quickly, and entree to developing controlled by the preparation supplier. † Though the above definitions are non indistinguishable, there is a common subject, which is that WBI takes advantage of the Internet and World Wide Web to present information.Importance of Web-Based DirectionWBI, which is an emerging field in instruction, is however, a portion of the rapid growing that is the Internet. Reasons for the growing of WBI include: promotes growing of distance instruction economically ( dependable and cheap beginning ) as compared to computing machine based preparation, unrecorded broadcasts, picture tapes, and so on, ( Relan and Gillani, 1997b and Santi, 1997 ) , enables scholars who prefer or are required to larn outside traditional schoolrooms to go to categories at their places or offices, ( Bannan and Milheim, 1997 ) , and provides bringing medium, content supplier, and capable affair in one bundle, unlike other mediums, such as computing machine based preparation, that require a separate bringing mechanism ( McManus, 1996 ) . Nichols ( 1995 ) predicts that: â€Å" The possible benefit from explicating rating methodological analysiss for the Web [ for instructional stuffs ] depends on whether or non the Web will go a lasting medium or a passing craze? In fact, the Web will probably shortly go the most popular medium for the bringing of distance instruction type stuffs. † The development of information engineering has easy changed the manner people interact with computing machines. This alteration has besides reached the learning procedure: distance acquisition, where pupil and instructor are connected by engineering alternatively of a schoolroom, is going a feasible option to traditional instruction methods, and is poised for major growing over the following several old ages. However, understanding how to utilize the World Wide Web ( WWW ) to back up preparation and acquisition activities presents a significant challenge for the interior decorators and judges of this emerging engineering. Particularly they have to understand how communicating and interaction, two cardinal characteristics of the acquisition procedure, are changed by the computing machine engineering. Furthermore, they have to research the possibilities of successfully teaching via webs while turn outing the acquisition and cost effectivity of these advanced systems. Get downing from t he theoretical background presented in Chapter 2 and 3, we present a model for the development of web-based acquisition environments. These tools can be considered a peculiar signifier of interactive multimedia: computer-stored information, which is connected and retrieved via links. An interesting development of interactive multimedia analyzed by the text are shared interactive multimedias, new Internet tools in which different users, who are at the same time shoping the same web site, can pass on with each other. The usage of computing machine engineerings to heighten larning began in late '60s with the attempts of innovators such as Atkinson and Suppes [ 1, 2 ] . Since that clip the presence of computing machine engineering in schools has increased dramatically, and anticipations are that this tendency will go on to speed up. In peculiar, the visual aspect of Internet-based information and communicating engineerings is altering how preparation is being conducted in many colleges, universities and private companies. As noted by Federico [ 3 ] â€Å" we are in the thick of a paradigm displacement in instruction and preparation from schoolroom centric to web centric † ( p.653 ) . On one side the development of information engineering has easy changed the manner people interact with computing machines. Technological progresss have bit by bit shifted the focal point off from computing machines as such, and toward what people really do with them. The most apparent mark of this alteration has been the creative activity of wholly new synergistic communicating environments like Computer Mediated Communication and Computer Supported Collaborative Work made possible by the increasing power and flexibleness of today ‘s information engineering [ 4 ] . In fact non merely does the usage of the World Wide Web non vouch effectual larning [ 6 ] . Inappropriate utilizations of engineering may impede acquisition. For illustration, it is good known that pupils can blow a batch of clip surfing the Internet. The first studies of Web-based Learning appear in the early 1990s edifice on 30 old ages of computer-assisted direction. Advocates claimed computer-assisted direction is superior to text-based, talk, and traditional educational methods for grounds that include control by the scholar over content, clip, and topographic point of acquisition ; sweetening of acquisition, logical thinking, and efficiency ; and cost nest eggs. Many surveies that reported advantages contained methodological defects and reported advantages unrelated to computer-specific characteristics. Web-based acquisition ( WBL ) represents a farther development of computer-assisted direction. Technical advantages of WBL include cosmopolitan handiness, easiness in updating content, and hyperlink maps that permit cross-referencing to other resources. These proficient progresss, specifically hyperlink and seeking capablenesss, fit the constructivist larning theory, where scholars search out and make their ain cognition bases. However, as was apparent with computer-assisted direction, possible advantages may non interpret into important betterments in educational results. Web-based larning environments can function as motivational, instructional, mold, feedback, and appraisal tools. These environments besides can impact the cognitive and societal behaviours of pupils ( Mayer 2001 ; Wallace 2001 ) .What is web-based acquisition?Web-based acquisition encompasses all educational intercessions that make usage of the cyberspace ( or a local intranet ) . There are presently three wide categorizations or constellations within WBL: tutorials, on-line treatment groups, and practical schoolrooms. The differentiations between these constellations are frequently blurred, and in fact a given WBL intercession might utilize a combination of two or three, but the deductions for learning warrant a conceptual, albeit at times arbitrary, separation. On-line tutorials are similar to face-to-face talks. They by and large consist of information structured by the instructor in a manner that will ( hopefully ) facilitate acquisition. Tutorials are frequently enhanced by char acteristics such as multimedia ( sound, images, films, and lifes ) , links to online resources ( full-text diary articles or related web sites ) and other countries within the class, and self-assessment tools. Effective online tutorials frequently besides make usage of schoolroom instances. Online treatment is similar to the face-to-face little group session. As with any little group, there may be an component of didactic instruction from the teacher ( eg a brief tutorial ) but the bosom of the instruction lies in group treatment. Teachers take on the function of facilitators – specifying the range of the treatment, monitoring and steering the treatment as needed, and supplying or assisting pupils to happen extra resources. Communication among group members can be asynchronous ( hold between directing a message and having the response ) or synchronal ( unrecorded ) . Virtual schoolrooms are computer-based simulations of schoolroom brushs. It is besides deserving observing wha t WBL is non. The cyberspace has found many maps in ICT instruction in which the primary purpose is non an educational intercession designed for web-based bringing. These include archives of face-to-face talks ( eg Power- Point slides or videotaped talks ) and class course of study, on-line disposal of trials and class ratings, and administrative communications. While surely utile, these maps do non represent WBL.The Role of WBLTsWeb-based acquisition tools ( WBLTs ) , besides referred to as larning objects in the literature, are defined in this survey as â€Å" synergistic web-based tools that support larning by heightening, amplifying, and steering the cognitive procedures of scholars † ( Agostinho, Bennett, Lockyer, & A ; Harper, 2004 ; Butson, 2003 ; McGreal, 2004 ; Parrish, 2004 ; Wiley, et Al. 2004 ) . WBLTs offer two notable characteristics that can cut down the impact of possible obstructions instructors face when utilizing engineering. First, typical WBLTs are designed to concentrate on specific constructs, doing them easy to larn, easy to utilize, and more attractive to busy pedagogues who have small clip to larn more complex, advanced package bundles ( Gadanidis, Gadanidis, & A ; Schindler, 2003 ) . Ease of usage besides makes WBLTs more toothsome to instructors who are discerning about utilizing engineering ( Kay, Knaack, & A ; Muirhead, in imperativeness ) . Second, a broad scope of WBLTs exist including drill-and-practice appraisal tools ( Adams, Lubega, Walmsley, & A ; Williams, 2004 ) or tutorials ( Nurmi & A ; Jaakkola, 2006 ) , video instance surveies or supports ( Kenny, Andrews, Vignola, Schilz, & A ; Covert, 1999 ; MacDonald et al. , 2005 ) , general web-based multimedia resources ( Van Zele, Vandaele, Botteldooren, & A ; Lenaerts, 2003 ) , and selfcontained synergistic tools in a specific content country ( Bradley & A ; Boyle, 2004 ; Cochrane, 2005 ) . Furthermore, in contrast to other larning engineerings burdened with execution challenges and costs, WBLTs are readily accessible over the Internet and instructors need non worry about inordinate costs or non holding the latest version ( Wiley, 2000 ) . It is speculated that the wide choice of readily accessible WBLTs will do it easier for instructors to incorporate WBLTs into a schoolroom environment. In drumhead, barriers to utilizing engineering reported by instructors such as clip, limited accomplishment, fright of engineering, and limited entree to engineering are partly addressed by easy-to-use WBLTs that are readily accessible in a broad assortment of pedagogical formats.WBLT Research in Middle and Secondary School ClassroomsExisting WBLT or larning object research is limited to the sphere of higher instruction. Out of the 41 empirical surveies reviewed for this paper, 29 ( 70 % ) focussed on WBLT usage in higher instruction, whereas merely eight ( 20 % ) examined WBLT usage in center or secondary school schoolrooms ( Brush & A ; Saye, 2001 ; Ilomaki, Lakkala, & A ; Paavola, 2006 ; Kay & A ; Knaack, 2007a ; Kong & A ; Kwok, 2005 ; Liu & A ; Bera, 2005 ; Lopez-Morteo & A ; Lopez, 2007 ; McCormick & A ; Li, 2006 ; Nurmi & A ; Jaakkola, 2006 ) . Four surveies examined in-between school pupils ‘ usage of WBLTs. Kong & A ; Kwok ( 2005 ) looked at nine-year-old pupils ‘ independent usage of WBLTs for 15-20 hours while trying to larn about fractions. Students who used WBLTs significantly outperformed pupils who did non utilize WBLTs. Ilomaki et Al. ( 2006 ) examined 11 and 12 twelvemonth old pupils utilizing WBLTs to analyze eating wonts. Teachers and pupils did non measure the effectivity of the five hebdomad, WBLT unit, but the pedagogical schemes used by the teachers were described in item. Liu & A ; Bera ( 2005 ) examined in-between school pupils ‘ usage forms with regard to a scope of WBLTs. Eighty-two per centum of the pupils generated successful solutions utilizing WBLTs. Finally, Nurmi & A ; Jaakkola ( 2006 ) reported that synergistic, simulation-based WBLTs produced significantly better consequences than drill-and pattern WBLTs. Five surveies looked at the usage of WBLTs in the secondary school schoolroom. Brush & A ; Saye ( 2001 ) reported that pupils tended to look at superficial content in a WBLT when left to their ain devices and that more active counsel and construction was needed when utilizing information based WBLTs. Ilomaki et Al. ( 2006 ) explored the pedagogical affordances of WBLTs in three countries: nutrition, sense of the encephalon, and multiple intelligences. Kay & A ; Knaack ( 2007b ) used a comprehensive appraisal tool to measure the usage of WBLTs and found that overall utility, clear instructions, organized layout, and good theme/motivation were peculiarly of import to pupils. Lopez-Morteo & A ; Lopez ( 2007 ) reported that pupils perceived synergistic, recreationbased, collaborative WBLTs positively. Finally, McCormick & A ; Li ( 2006 ) completed an extended survey analyzing the attitudes of 770 secondary schools instructors from six different European states toward utilizing WBLTs from the CELEBRATE aggregation. Overall, 70 % of the instructors thought WBLTs were utile. Just over half the instructors felt WBLTs were good designed, although this was clearly dependent on the type of WBLT chosen. Over 50 % of instructors experient Internet jobs while utilizing WBLTs. In add-on, approximately 60 % of all teachers thought WBLTs improved their instruction and felt that pupils were more engaged. Overall, WBLT-use research is positive, albeit slightly ad hoc and inconsistent in informations aggregation schemes. Two surveies gathered user public presentation informations, ( Kong & A ; Kwok, 2005 ; Nurmi & A ; Jaakkola, 2006 ) , four surveies collected descriptive informations ( Brush & A ; Saye, 2001 ; Ilomaki et al. , 2006 ; Liu & A ; Bera, 2005 ; McCormick & A ; Li, 2006 ) , one survey implemented a formal study ( Kay & A ; Knaack, 2007a, 2007b ) , and one survey accumulated anecdotal studies ( Lopez-Morteo & A ; Lopez, 2007 ) . With the exclusion of McCormick and Li ‘s ( 2006 ) paper, all eight old surveies looked at pupil perceptual experiences entirely ; teacher feelings of how good the WBLTs worked were non examined.Feedback in web-based acquisition applicationsTesting and appraisal are widely used in web-based acquisition applications, and e-learning Systems. Computer-based testing has a figure of advantages, viz. : facilitation of informations analysis coevals of speedy or sometimes even immediate consequences decrease of clip for trials development addition in user motive in the instance of frequent measuring possibilities of proving at any clip entreaty to a great figure of users/respondents with a big assortment of penchants, features, instruction, ends, etc. By and large, there exist many types of jobs of proving and appraisal in web-based larning systems, including both more proficient 1s such as user individuality confirmation and security issues and more general facets such as personalisation and version of assessment procedure. Lack of interaction between pupils and instructors is one of the chief jobs in web-based acquisition applications ( Mory, 2003 ) . During the acquisition procedure a pupil performs a figure of actions where feedback is important, for illustration in appraisals or in feedback chiefly consists of information about the trials consequences presented to a user. In web-based larning systems feedback presented by computing machine is normally aimed to replace feedback given to the pupil by the instructor and to better pupil public presentation ( Mory, 2003 ) . The chief function of feedback in web-based systems is to inform and to actuate the user to increase his or her attempt and attending. In web-based larning systems feedback plays a important function in interaction. The feedback is particularly of import in proving and appraisal that is organised within the learning procedure. Harmonizing to Brusilovsky and Miller ( 1999 ) proving constituents are the best developed synergistic constituents in web-based instruction. However, we consider these constituents as being ill designed still. Most of the current testing constituents in e-learning and other web-based applications do non back up feedback version. They do non give information about the user ‘s public presentation in the most suited clip and signifier for him or her. In traditional distance acquisition ( external, but non computer-based acquisition ) feedback has been examined from a figure of different positions ( Hyland, 2001 ) . The surveies have shown that pupils particularly wanted elaborate feedback and remarks. The feedback was expected to supply positive remarks on strengths, non obscure generalizations. It is recommended that unfavorable judgment in feedback be constructive and that pupils should hold a opportunity to react to remarks ( Hyland, 2001 ) . Harmonizing to Mory ( 2003 ) the feedback mechanisms that are used by pupils have changed with the progresss and growing of web-based larning systems. The usage of student-centred and constructivist attack in larning system supposes the usage of learner-to-learner interaction and provides meaningful equal and teacher feedback ( Dabbagh,2002 ) . Harmonizing to Bischoff ( 2000 ) pupils need regular feedback in order to cognize how their public presentation was evaluated, how they could better it, and how their classs are calculated. The effectual elements of on-line learning include frequent and consistent online feedback, diplomatic online feedback, and appraising online feedback. Based on qualities of on-line feedback ( multidimensional, nonevaluative, supportive, pupil controlled, seasonably, and specific ) outlined by Schwartz and White ( 2000 ) and Mory ( 2003 ) has suggested that feedback in the web-based acquisition system should hold the undermentioned qualities: prompt, seasonably, and thorough online feedback ongoing formative feedback about on-line group treatments ongoing summational feedback about classs constructive, supportive, and substantial online feedback specific, nonsubjective, and single online feedback consistent online feedback. In web-based acquisition applications the chief maps of the testing constituent are to measure the users, to give the user information about his or her public presentation, to actuate the user, and to concentrate the user ‘s attending on farther interaction with the system. Feedback differs from rating, where the chief end is to rate and enter the consequence of the testing for the intent of measuring the user. There are several chief jobs with feedback in web-based applications. First of wholly, there is the job of feedback representation. It is widely argued in favor of expressed presentation of feedback, but there are excessively few thoughts about what should be included into feedback and what sort of construction it should hold. Naturally, the feedback should match to the undertakings and to the single features of the user. The effectivity of different types of feedback in web-based acquisition system has been by experimentation studied by Mandernach ( 2005 ) , who evaluated the educational impact of showing assorted degrees of computer-based, on-line feedback ( no-feedback, knowledge-of-response, knowledge-of-correct-response, topic-contingent, and response contingent ) . The consequences of this survey have shown that the type of computer-based feedback did non hold any influence on pupil acquisition, but at the same clip the pupils reported distinguishable penchants for knowledge-of-response and response-contingent computer-based feedback. This allowed to reason that the pupils prefer feedback that is direct and clearly addresses the rightness of their response. The other job of feedback is the clip of its presentation. The user could be provided either with immediate or with delayed feedback. Harmonizing to Mathan ( 2003 ) the job of feedback timing is of important importance for tutoring systems. H e argued about the tradeoff between the benefits of immediate and delayed feedback: while immediate feedback is more effectual, delayed feedback supports better transportation and keeping. The advantages and disadvantages of immediate and delayed feedback can alter with different larning ends and scenes. The of import inquiry of feedback is that it can pull attending off from the undertakings increasing the clip required to put to death them. Harmonizing to Oulasvirta and Saariluoma ( 2004 ) disrupting messages such as feedback in human-computer interaction influence the extent and type of mistakes in retrieving. We argue that the jobs of feedback discussed could be partly solved by version of feedback to the undertakings and to the features of an single user. Feedback version in web based applications can supply a user with feedback that is the most appropriate for his or her personal features, existent temper, behavior, and heed ( Choe et al. , 2004 ) .