John Stuart Mill and Liberty. How morality is related to liberty Essay

John Stuart Mill and Liberty. How morality is related to liberty - Essay Example Before discussing the justification of liberty, we would talk about the idea behind liberty and how Mill links liberty to morality1. 'On Liberty' published in 1859 presented not only a philosophy of history and transition but demonstrated his understanding on political and religious developments, and emphasises upon the role of liberty in justifying free development of true philosophic action in England. Comte, while looking at Mill's theologies based on logic, points out that precautions presented by Mill to exercise freedom are unnecessary in France, where he is able to use his public lectures on astronomy as a vehicle to eliminate completely all theological philosophy, even in its simple form of deism, and finally to reduce all moral and social doctrines to rational positivism (Raeder, 2002, p. 56). 'On Liberty' demonstrates Mill's understanding of freedom, as he considered freedom of discussion to be an effective means by which to undermine traditional beliefs, especially theological and religious beliefs and even those where public opinion prevents any real discussion2. Miller was well aware of the fact that lies a significant relationship between freedom of speech, expression and instruction and the erosion of traditional belief. Perspectives of Nature Traditions, beliefs and human morals engages directly with what Mill has mentioned in the late 1850s, as 'nature' and it is because of this nature that humanity suffers through catastrophe, disease and death. Thus it is all interrelated as the distinct attributes of nature which humans disapprove in the name of conservatism and religious fatalism. In order to secure his school of thought, Mill presents two distinct uses of the term 'nature' (Gerson, 2002). The first stance presents a broad and neutral milieu with a more specific and evaluative analysis which states that nature is identical with the entire universe as well as the principles that are followed in the world. Those principles are scientific in nature and fulfills the logic behind natural phenomenons that takes place within our society. For instance, the nature of earthquake is destruction, the nature of volcanoes is to alleviate materialism from the world and so on. Since all human organisms are abide by nature's laws no one can dare to challenge the mother nature as long as he or she stays confined to the universe or as long as human affairs stay within nature's boundaries. Of course an individual must obey the laws of equilibrium to avoid being a victim to the law of gravity or we can say that by following the laws of gravity, one is socially adhere to the physical and biological laws and not by any means can challenge to escape from them. The second school of thought that supports nature is that since society is bound to obey what nature has reserved for it, human beings are themselves certain 'objects' of nature that are unable to deviate from nature. In other words, nature welcomes humanity to understand in context with human will and action. This indicates behind every idea of nature is the involvement of human intention which may serve as the basis for a social agenda. A clear notion is that no one on the earth can claim to be superior to the nature, or there is nothing outside nature and its laws and that, no human being has ever been given a choice to make distinctions between likes and dislikes of nature or to avoid any natural act. Thus Mill defends mother nature with that of human nature, that nature in any form does not ask a human to adopt or reject its principles, for it is a default option that requires no human decision making options and entails no evaluative consequences. How morality is related to liberty Enclosed within

Fetal Heart Abnormalities Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fetal Heart Abnormalities - Research Paper Example Genetic predisposition is considered to be a key factor while maternal issues such as infection, diabetes, lupus and drugs trigger the onset. Ventricular and atrial septal defects and tetralogy of Fallot are the most common forms of congenital heart defect. Incidents of truncus arteriosus and transposition  are rare. Anatomy and the heart function Our heart has four chambers; two ventricles and two atriums and has two atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid) to regulate the blood flow between ventricle and atrium. Right atrium and ventricle are filled with deoxygenated blood while left atrium and ventricle are filled with oxygenated blood received from the lungs. Deoxygenated blood collected by the main veins fills in to the right atrium and then to the right ventricle. Right ventricle pump blood to the lungs via pulmonary artery and oxygenated blood comes from the lungs through pulmonary vein fills in to the left atrium. Then it move down to the left ventricle. The ventricul ar wall contracts to increase the pressure enough to distribute blood throughout the body via aorta (Kumar, 2007). Septal heart defect –hole in the heart The mid heart wall, septum separates the left and right sides of the heart. Congenital septal heart defect is identified when unclosed gaps exist in the septum at birth. Any opening of the septum may cause mixing of oxygenated blood with deoxygenated blood resulting an oxygen deprivation to the body tissues. Atrial septal defect During the normal heart developement Interatrial Septum  which separates the left and right atriums is open throughout the fetal stage to avoid the lungs that are not functioning. The placenta supplies the oxygenated blood. But it supposed to be closed after birth when the pulmonary circulatory pressure is reduced. Some literature reported the prevalence of open atrial septum upto to 25%. However the symptoms are absent or not significant for most of the affected individuals and some will never be diagnosed. Place and the size of the opening determine the severity of the symptoms (Kumar, 2007). Common symptoms are blue color of the extremities or cyanosis, breathing difficulties, murmur or additional sound of the heart, growth retardation and difficulty of feeding. This can be diagnosed during fetal development by ultrasound scan. Echocardiography, auscultation and Electrocardiogram or ECG can be used to identify the defect after the birth. The defect can be corrected surgically and the decision of the surgical correction depends on the severity of the symptoms and size. Currently two correction methods are been practiced. The catheter correction is the less invasive method. During the catheter correction a small catheter is inserted in to a vein in the upper thigh under the anesthesia or sedation. The catheter carries a septal  occluder device which can be placed at the septal opening. Once the occluder device is positioned correctly the catheter is removed. The heart tiss ues start to grow around and on the device. This procedure is being practiced from early 90s and known to have less complications and minimum surgical mortality. However all the septal defects cannot be treated by catheter procedure and require a surgery (Squatting, 2002). Open heart surgery This is the most common corrective procedure practiced to correct Septal defect. None like catheter procedure

Merger and Acquisitions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Merger and Acquisitions - Research Paper Example For Nvidia to acquire some other company or merge with some other formidable company to bring synergy in the operations, which cut down on operating cost, improve market penetration, or enhanced scale of operations could be a good choice. There are many companies that Nvidia may think of merging to increase the value of its stockholders; however, AMD will be a finest choice for merger over any other company. Nvidia’s old competitor ATI was acquired by AMD since then AMD has been most formidable competitor to Nvidia. A good synergy can be achieved by merging these two companies. AMD'S revenue at $6.5 billion is almost double of Nvidia's $3.5. Operating margin is almost matching at 6.25%. Merger can bring about the cost cutting in managerial and other staff cost. Unnecessary competition in many product lines can be eliminated and better price realization can be achieved. Their mergers will better be able to face competition from much larger corporations such as Intel. In the pro cess merged entity will have higher price-earnings ratio in the market place leading to higher share price. (Investopedia.com) Answer 2. The AMD’s market capitalization is $5.25 billion, which is almost half of Nvidia’s market capitalization of $10.45 billion. ... This is also known as Fixed-Shares Stock offered to the shareholders of the company being merged. Thus, the company also saves on taxes as no cash outgo has taken place. The basis of ratio could be a current market price. This would not make any financial burden on Nvidia and merged entity would have increased outstanding shares with enhanced revenues and profits. It may happen that initially Nvidia share price may move southward but within 2-3 quarters when synergistic effects start percolating on the merged entity, price of Nvidia will start moving up fast. The agreed ratio will have some effect on price of AMD share but that will get stabilized soon. (Expectationinvesting.com) Answer 3. There are some other companies that can be merged with Nvidia as second or third choice for mergers. Gaughan, (2001) has rightly pointed out that merger should be able to integrate the operations of both the companies, otherwise it would be simply a leveraged buyout and that may fail to bring any e ffective outcomes that are envisaged with any merger. Xilinx Inc. (XLNX), a California based company, being in the allied field and complementary to the Nvidia’ business line could be a good choice for merging with the Nvidia. Xilinx Inc., offering programmable logic solutions in the form of advanced integrated circuits, could provide a good fillip to Nvidia in terms of business growth and can bring some level of synergy into certain functionality. Xilinx Inc., with market cap of 8.91 billion and operating margin of 34% that generates operating cash flow of 724 million in 12 months is a cash rich company to merge with Nvidia. (Source: http://finance.yahoo.com) Microchip Technology Inc. (MCHP) is

Analyzing the Literary Features of “The Lottery” Essay Example for Free

Analyzing the Literary Features of â€Å"The Lottery† Essay In the story of Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery†, many literary devices are used to convey messages, give clues and give the reader a better understanding on the story overall. Within the story, literary devices such as allegory, symbolism, and satire are used, which are for the moral that Jackson is trying to send to readers. Other devices used are foreshadowing, imagery and irony. Jackson uses imagery to give a good visualization of the setting. Foreshadowing helps give a clue as to what to happen next in the story, and Jackson uses irony for surprise effect to shock the reader in the end of the story. At the beginning of â€Å"The Lottery†, it opens with â€Å"The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green. † This description Jackson gave is a clear example of imagery as she uses phrases such as: â€Å"richly green† â€Å"blossoming profusely† and â€Å"fresh warmth†. After reading this, the reader gets a sense of pleasantness in the story. Furthermore, Jackson writes â€Å"The lottery was conductedas were the square dances, the teen club, and the Halloween programby Mr. Summers†. This excerpt meant the lottery is traditional, and is followed by other fun activities such as square dances, the teen club and the Halloween program. From knowing the ending, this is an example of irony because the lottery is thought to be a fun opportune activity, but in the end it is found that the winner receives the prize of death. On forward, the lottery is introduced with the arrival of Mr. Summers and his black box he brings for the drawing. In the story, Jackson states â€Å"The black box grew shabbier each year: by now it was no longer completely black but splintered badly along one side to show the original wood color, and in some places faded or stained†. The literary devices of symbolism and foreshadow are used here because the box color â€Å"black† is a symbol of death. With the box being in bad shape being faded and splintered badly, this adds to the symbol of death as fading means disappearing and wood splintering is signs of the wood’s breakdown. The names of these characters are also a form of symbolism and foreshadowing. Two characters, Mr. Graves and Mrs. Delacroix have names with deeper meaning. In the name â€Å"Graves†, grave means death as well, and within â€Å"Delacroix†, Croix is the French word for cross, which in the story of the bible, Jesus was sacrificed upon a cross and both are a form of Jackson’s symbolism to give a message. These objects of symbolism give off the literary device of foreshadow as the symbol of death means something bad may happen later within the story.

Marketng Analysis of Bajaj Fans

Marketng Analysis of Bajaj Fans Critically analysis of the Bajaj fans contribution of marketing planning to the process of the strategic development In the strategic development process begins with strategic planning. Strategic planning is the process of developing overall plan strategies for the whole of organization. Under the strategic planning process evaluate answering the following questions; Where are we now? How did we get there? Where are we heading? Where would like to be? How do we get there? After that review whole planning process part by part sequential order. Those steps are; Analyze Vision and Strategic intent where we want to be future Reviewing mission statement in terms of rationale for existence of the business and value of the business. Under this review process evaluates further Purpose, values, Competencies, Culture, Polices and Product As a next step developing goals and objectives for whole organization Then carrying out the position audit by using SWOT analysis techniques and identify gaps. To fill that the above gaps evaluating corporate strategic choices. Here generating the strategic options by answering the following question; How to compete Where to compete method of growth As well as evaluating options by using the following criterias acceptability (evaluating based on stakeholders goals, objectives and their power), suitability (evaluating in relation with mission and strategic intent) and Feasibility (in terms of financial viability and risk) There after finishing that process start strategic implementation process. In this stage do the followings ; Resources Planning Draft operations plans, structure and culture Change (Implement changes) Implement Functional Strategies Productions operation strategies R D strategies Marketing strategies (Marketing mix, Segmentation, PLC analysis, MIS). HRM (Personal planning, Motivation, Appraisal) Finance strategies (source of finance, investment) IT strategies Looking at actual performance Review and control (assessing the deviation from plan and make corrective actions based on that) As final stage link to the step called strategic analysis. How the marketing planning contributing to strategic development process can be seen in above mentioned step number 5. If the company is having more than one business, there are three type of strategies can be identified those are; Corporate strategy Business and functional strategies Corporate level strategies are focused; Maximize share holders wealth Increase the overall profitability company as a whole Typically focused determining overall propose of the business. Decisions on mergers and acquisitions sell off or closure of business units. Maintain relationship with key stakeholders of the business such as investors, government and regulatory body. Explore new market Developing corporate image Under the Business strategies developed for division in the larger organization, that has a significant degree of autonomy basically responsible for developing and marketing their own products or services. Functional strategies mainly focused on selection of decision rule of the in each of functional area. In this case Baja electrical division or business unit (SBU) has draft a product marketing plan for fans. Under that product marketing plan strategic business unit has analyze, create and developed strategies to support the corporate strategies in the every aspect. Such as profitability, market share, developing corporate image by using corporate brand with the products. As a final conclusion Can say Bajaj fans marketing plan has contribute significantly for the strategic development process. Appraise marketing plan of Bajaj fans with suitable marketing element of marketing mix Under the marketing plan of bajaj fan has considered all the aspect of marketing mix element such product, STP process, price, place, and promotion). 2.1. Product analysis 2.1.1. Product mix This has developed to attract the customers (different segment).Those product mix are Ceiling fans, TPW fans (Table/ Pedestal / wall) and fresh air fans. Not only that under that they have developed different design like decorative and non decorative based on the segment. 2.1.2. Brand Name for the fan product category very low focused given by customers even bajaj fans was not included in the consideration set under their decision making process. That was major weakness. To eliminate that weakness they have come up with new strategies called umbrella branding (family branding) 2.1.3. Packaging Company has changed their graphic on packaging for entire product rage. 2.2. Segmentation, targeting and positioning (STP) At earlier stage company has followed niche marketing strategies. Company segmentation bases are price, quality and aesthetics look. Based on that segmentation criterias, they have introduced different product categories for each segment. Price based segmentation with sub brands as follows; Product category Price High price Medium price Low price Ceiling fans Crown Maxima Bahar , Grace TPW fans Crown Bahar Fresh air fans Aesthetics look based segmentation Decorative Non decorative Company product position strategies is that benefit positioning, Price quality positioning and performance based positioning revolutions per minutes RPS (speed, cooling). 2.3. Pricing analysis Company maintains the cost based pricing policy. There major weakness of the pricing having high margins for distributors. That has directly affected on their profitability because of high cost is incurred for distributors margins. To save that cost company has started distribution of products by using their own vehicles. 2.3. Promotion analysis Major media is television because of cable and satellite TV penetration is very high. Mainly advertising on C S channels such as star, Sony, Zee. Different types of TV commercial has developed air time (10,20 30).These TV commercial showing by using the different language. Major communication message is that Subse Tez Under the advertising they have new packaging strategies are incorporated with posters, POPs, Shops or dealers, boards and other communication elements direct mail. Followed different marketing recalling elements such as promotion team with braded t-shirts and caps, distribute leaflet for potential customers on point of sales. Used to promote the product dealers word of mouth recommendation to increase the sales. AS a pull strategy thy used pull strategies by organizing different contest among the customers, attractive pops, display schemes. 2.4. Place analysis (Distribution) There distribution strategies reduced by one layer. Company directly distributes their products to the retailers. As well as they have developed separate distribution network sub economy market segment. At the same time promoting dealers under pull strategy to keep their loyalty, increase shop share and attract the customers. Logistic is very strong 20 branches after sales service centers around 200 franchise that is also increasing the sales capacity of the channel. Identify the process of the developing and using brand identity of Bajaj with further evaluation of marketing segmentation, competitive analysis To develop the brand identity company used major strategy is umbrella strategy strengthening the product with corporate brand. That increases the customer credibility and dealers loyalty. At same time they are promoting by using pull strategies both party customers and dealers that is help to increase the brand loyalty of dealers. Not only that they are using TV commercial to communicate the brand identity for the different market segment that is on of the strategy which help to upgrade the top of mind brad awareness. In terms market Segmentation Company has develop different market based on the price, quality and aesthetics look. This also helps develop brand awareness of those market segments. Currently in market leading players are; Crompton, orient, polar, Khaitan, Usha. Current situation is level of competition very high and that is reducing margin of products because of profit divided into the above major competitors. Bajaj market segmentation strategy is also helping to face that competition. Because of all the above players are having their own production plant as well as gained economies of scale. Therefore major strategies that they need to be followed develop the customer loyalty via product performance and after sales services. As well as Bajaj Company use the promoters to develop brand awareness among the customer by using branded T shirts and caps. Some time such capacities do not have competitors to promote their products. Analyze the marketing capabilities of Bajaj fans to utilize the current technologies e-marketing and e commerce platform. If the bajaj used e marketing tools and techniques under this context of e commerce by which creating new distribution channel for the bajaj company as well as e marketing is help to reach different customer segment on individual basis ( via email campaign marketing) and corporate segment. In addition to that the following benefit and advantage that they can gain out of the e marketing; Can access wider rage of the market because of penetration of internet and email usage is very high. Therefore, in terms of cost vs. benefit, benefit is higher than cost, because of cost to reach very low. As example if the company developed websites by spending INR 150,000 and suppose that 1500 peoples access per month to site (150,000 /1500 = 100) in the first moth cost is 100 Indian rupees. Month by moth that cost is reduced only thing that they need invest that capital for web site. That web sites is providing adverting and online purchase facility also can be set. When online marketing is going to apply it is ideal for corporate segment such as companies, building housing contractors. Online purchasing help reduce time gap in ordering and delivering product. As well as it is reducing the retailer margin which that they paying for retail sales. Online promotional campaign also can carry out by using e marketing tools such as pop up advertising, cross promotions. Disadvantage of e marketing and e commerce are technical failures and security issues. By analyzing those cost benefit as well as advantage and disadvantage Bajaj Company apply new technology to improve their communication, sales and to beat the competition. As final conclusion bajaj has feasibility to use the new technology. In the future they can collect domestic and international corporate orders via web. That will deliver greatest benefit for them. Therefore bajaj is capable enough use the new technology under this scenario.

Controlling Corporate Farming Essay -- Agriculture Farm Essays Papers

Controlling Corporate Farming 'Sixty-one percent of America's agriculture output comes from corporate farms' (Abbey, 2002). 'Nationwide there are 163,000 corporate operations and 63% of these are under contract to a consolidated firm' (Abbey, 2002). Stated by Fred Kirschenmann, 'If current trends of consolidation continue, and all the farms in Iowa become 225,000 acre farms, there will be only 140 farms in the entire state' (Abbey, 2002). Large corporations are coming in and taking over the farming industry. They are making it almost impossible for small, family operated farms to survive. 'The six and a half million small farms of 1935 decreased to 575,000 by 1998? (Abbey, 2002). The large corporations are using the land like miners-they strip it down and get what they need, but they don't put anything back to it. Studies have shown that the family farms take care of the soil and put back the nutrients they use. There are different anti-corporate farming laws around the country that are trying to protect the small family farming industry. ?Contrary to misinformation, the world?s embattled small farms are two to ten times more productive per unit than large, tax-subsidized and chemical based operations run by corporate agriculture? (Earth Island Journal, 2000). Many people agree that the larger corporate farms are producing more, but studies show that small farms are more productive because they keep the soil usable for longer periods of time. Corporate farms are becoming like mines as they are stripping the land of its organic matter and nutrients that are essential to crop production. The corporations usually produce a single commodity under contract with a consolidated... ...celdf.org/cdp/cdp13.asp>. Krause, Kennith R. Corporate Farming: importance, incentives, and state restrictions. Washington D.C: U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1983. Lyson, Thomas A. "Agriculture industrialization, anticorporate farming laws, and rural community welfare." Environment and Planning A 37.8 (2005). McDonough, Molly. "Down On The Farm." ABA Journal 89.11 (2003). "Power of Frames". Turn On the News. Nov. 2, 2005 . "Small Farming is Beautiful." Earth Islan Journal 15.1 (2000). Thompson, Nancy. "Anti-Corporate Farming Laws as Environmental Policy". Core 4. Nov. 2, 2005 . Welsh, Rick. "Anti-Corporate Farming Laws, the "Godschmidt Hypothesis"". Friends of the Constituion. Nov. 2, 2005 .

Salman Rushdies Midnights Children Essay -- Salman Rushdie Midnight

Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children Salman Rushdie's creation, Saleem Sinai, has a self-proclaimed "overpowering desire for form" (363). In writing his own autobiography Saleem seems to be after what Frank Kermode says every writer is a after: concordance. Concordance would allow Saleem to bring meaning to moments in the "middest" by elucidating (or creating) their coherence with moments in the past and future. While Kermode talks about providing this order primarily through an "imaginatively predicted future" (8), Saleem approaches the project by ordering everything in his past into neat, causal relationships, with each event a result of what preceded it. While he is frequently skeptical of the true order of the past, he never doubts its eminence; he is certain that everyone is "handcuffed to history" (482). His belief in the preeminence of the past, though, is distinctly different than the reality of time for the Saleem who emerges through that part of the novel that Gerard Genette calls "the event that consists of someone recounting something" (26) (Saleem-now, we can call this figure). Saleem-now is motivated to act not by the past, but instead by the uncertainty and ambiguity of the future. Saleem's construction of his own story is an effort to mitigate the lack of control he feels in looking toward the unknown future. To pacify himself he creates a world that is ordered but this world is contrary to his own reality. Saleem spends much of his energy in the story setting up neat causal relationships between events in his past to demonstrate his place "at the center of things" (272). He carefully mentions his tumble into the middle of a parade for the partition of Bombay and then proceeds to propose that "in this w... ...e idea of apocalypse. His emphasis on the future rather than the past seems, in part, an implicit statement about the ease with which order is found in the past†¹historians have a much easier time than futurists, and Kermode would rather deal with the task of the tougher profession. Martin Heidigger's explanation for the way the individual in the midst of time gains meaning similarly emphasizes the future: "running ahead is the fundamental way in which the interpretation of Dasein is carried through" (13). In his creation of Saleem-now Rushdie seems to agree with the vitality of the future in defining the individual, and by juxtaposing this reality with the temporality that Saleem hopes for, Rushdie exposes the temporal myth that a too-strong-desire for concordance can engender. Work Cited Rushdie, Salman. Midnight's Children. Great Britain: Arrow Books, 1995. Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children Essay -- Salman Rushdie Midnight' Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children Salman Rushdie's creation, Saleem Sinai, has a self-proclaimed "overpowering desire for form" (363). In writing his own autobiography Saleem seems to be after what Frank Kermode says every writer is a after: concordance. Concordance would allow Saleem to bring meaning to moments in the "middest" by elucidating (or creating) their coherence with moments in the past and future. While Kermode talks about providing this order primarily through an "imaginatively predicted future" (8), Saleem approaches the project by ordering everything in his past into neat, causal relationships, with each event a result of what preceded it. While he is frequently skeptical of the true order of the past, he never doubts its eminence; he is certain that everyone is "handcuffed to history" (482). His belief in the preeminence of the past, though, is distinctly different than the reality of time for the Saleem who emerges through that part of the novel that Gerard Genette calls "the event that consists of someone recounting something" (26) (Saleem-now, we can call this figure). Saleem-now is motivated to act not by the past, but instead by the uncertainty and ambiguity of the future. Saleem's construction of his own story is an effort to mitigate the lack of control he feels in looking toward the unknown future. To pacify himself he creates a world that is ordered but this world is contrary to his own reality. Saleem spends much of his energy in the story setting up neat causal relationships between events in his past to demonstrate his place "at the center of things" (272). He carefully mentions his tumble into the middle of a parade for the partition of Bombay and then proceeds to propose that "in this w... ...e idea of apocalypse. His emphasis on the future rather than the past seems, in part, an implicit statement about the ease with which order is found in the past†¹historians have a much easier time than futurists, and Kermode would rather deal with the task of the tougher profession. Martin Heidigger's explanation for the way the individual in the midst of time gains meaning similarly emphasizes the future: "running ahead is the fundamental way in which the interpretation of Dasein is carried through" (13). In his creation of Saleem-now Rushdie seems to agree with the vitality of the future in defining the individual, and by juxtaposing this reality with the temporality that Saleem hopes for, Rushdie exposes the temporal myth that a too-strong-desire for concordance can engender. Work Cited Rushdie, Salman. Midnight's Children. Great Britain: Arrow Books, 1995.